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Ancient Agricultural and Pastoral Landscapes on the South Side of Lake Issyk-Kul: Long-Term Diachronic Analysis of Changing Patterns of Land Use, Climate Change, and Ritual Use in the Juuku and Kizil Suu Valleys

Author

Listed:
  • Claudia Chang

    (Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, New York University, New York, NY 10028, USA)

  • Sergei S. Ivanov

    (International Relations and Oriental Studies, Kyrgyz National University, Frunze Street, Bishkek 720033, Kyrgyzstan)

  • Perry A. Tourtellotte

    (Independent Scholar, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA)

  • Robert N. Spengler

    (Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany)

  • Basira Mir-Makhamad

    (Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany)

  • David Kramar

    (Carrington Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University Cooperative Extension, Fargo, ND 58108, USA)

Abstract

The main goal of this paper is to present results of preliminary archaeological research on the south side of Lake Issyk-Kul in Kyrgyzstan. We test the hypothesis that agropastoral land use changed over four millennia from the Bronze Age through the Kirghiz period due to economic, socio-political, and religious shifts in the prehistoric and historic societies of this region. Our research objectives are to: (1) describe and analyze survey results from the Lower Kizil Suu Valley; (2) discuss the results of radiometric and archaeobotanical samples taken from three stratigraphic profiles at three settlements from the Juuku Valley, including the chronological periods of the Wusun (140 to 437 CE), the Qarakhanid (942 to 1228 CE), and the historic Kirghiz (1700 to present CE); and (3) conduct preliminary GIS spatial analyses on the Iron Age mortuary remains (Saka and Wusun periods). This research emerges out of the first archaeological surveys conducted in 2019–2021 and includes the Lower Kizil Suu alluvial fan; it is an initial step toward developing a model for agropastoral land use for upland valleys of the Inner Tian Shan Mountains.

Suggested Citation

  • Claudia Chang & Sergei S. Ivanov & Perry A. Tourtellotte & Robert N. Spengler & Basira Mir-Makhamad & David Kramar, 2022. "Ancient Agricultural and Pastoral Landscapes on the South Side of Lake Issyk-Kul: Long-Term Diachronic Analysis of Changing Patterns of Land Use, Climate Change, and Ritual Use in the Juuku and Kizil ," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-24, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:11:y:2022:i:6:p:902-:d:838111
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Claudia Chang & Sergei S. Ivanov & Perry A. Tourtellotte, 2022. "Landscape and Settlement over 4 Millennia on the South Side of Lake Issyk Kul, Kyrgyzstan: Preliminary Results of Survey Research in 2019–2021," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-21, March.
    2. Michael D. Frachetti & C. Evan Smith & Cynthia M. Traub & Tim Williams, 2017. "Nomadic ecology shaped the highland geography of Asia’s Silk Roads," Nature, Nature, vol. 543(7644), pages 193-198, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Liu Yang & Yishi Yang & Shanjia Zhang & Haiming Li & Huihui Cao & Yifu Cui & Fengwen Liu & Minmin Ma, 2023. "Asynchronous Transformation of Cropping Patterns from 5800–2200 cal BP on the Southern Loess Plateau, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-18, January.

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