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Blood Lead Levels Among Pregnant Women: Historical Versus Contemporaneous Exposures

Author

Listed:
  • Marie Lynn Miranda

    (Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708, USA)

  • Sharon E. Edwards

    (Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708, USA)

  • Geeta K. Swamy

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, 2608 Erwin Rd, Suite 200 Durham, NC 27705, USA)

  • Christopher J. Paul

    (Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708, USA)

  • Brian Neelon

    (Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708, USA)

Abstract

Blood lead among pregnant women, even at modest levels, may impair offspring cognitive development. We examine whether blood lead levels (BLLs) result from current versus historic exposures, among a cohort of pregnant women. Cumulative logit models were used to characterize the relationship between maternal risk factors and higher BLLs. Maternal blood lead levels more likely result from lead remobilization from historic versus contemporaneous exposures. Even if all lead sources were abated immediately, women and their fetuses would experience lead exposure for decades. This work emphasizes the importance of addressing sources of environmental lead exposure in the United States and internationally.

Suggested Citation

  • Marie Lynn Miranda & Sharon E. Edwards & Geeta K. Swamy & Christopher J. Paul & Brian Neelon, 2010. "Blood Lead Levels Among Pregnant Women: Historical Versus Contemporaneous Exposures," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-12, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:7:y:2010:i:4:p:1508-1519:d:7769
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Theppeang, K. & Glass, T.A. & Bandeen-Roche, K. & Todd, A.C. & Rohde, C.A. & Schwartz, B.S., 2008. "Gender and race/ethnicity differences in lead dose biomarkers," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 98(7), pages 1248-1255.
    2. Needleman, H.L. & Landrigan, P.J., 2004. "What level of lead in blood is toxic for a child? [3]," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 94(1), pages 1-8.
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