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Tobacco Smoke: Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species and Stable Free Radicals in Mechanisms of Oxidative Damage, Carcinogenesis and Synergistic Effects with Other Respirable Particles

Author

Listed:
  • Athanasios Valavanidis

    (Department of Chemistry, Free Radical Research Group, University of Athens, University Campus Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece)

  • Thomais Vlachogianni

    (Department of Chemistry, Free Radical Research Group, University of Athens, University Campus Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece)

  • Konstantinos Fiotakis

    (Department of Chemistry, Free Radical Research Group, University of Athens, University Campus Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece)

Abstract

Tobacco smoke contains many toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic chemicals, as well as stable and unstable free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the particulate and the gas phase with the potential for biological oxidative damage. Epidemiological evidence established that smoking is one of the most important extrinsic factor of premature morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to investigate oxidative and carcinogenic mechanisms of tobacco and synergistic action with other respirable particles in the respiratory system of smokers. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and spin- trapping techniques were used to study stable free radicals in the cigarette tar, and unstable superoxide anion (O 2 · - ) and hydroxyl (HO · ) radicals in the smoke Results showed that the semiquinone radical system has the potential for redox recycling and oxidative action. Further, results proved that aqueous cigarette tar (ACT) solutions can generate adducts with DNA nucleobases, particularly the mutagenic 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (a biomarker for carcinogenesis).Also, we observed synergistic effects in the generation of HO · , through the Fenton reaction, with environmental respirable particles (asbestos fibres, coal dust, etc.) and ambient particulate matter (PM), such as PM 10 , PM 2.5 and diesel exhaust particles (DEP). The highest synergistic effects was observed with the asbestos fibres (freshly grounded), PM 2.5 and DEP. Finally, we discuss results from our previous study of conventional cellulose acetate filters and “bio-filters” with hemoglobin impregnated activated carbon, which showed that these filters do not substantially alter the free radical content of smoke in the particulate and in the gaseous phase.

Suggested Citation

  • Athanasios Valavanidis & Thomais Vlachogianni & Konstantinos Fiotakis, 2009. "Tobacco Smoke: Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species and Stable Free Radicals in Mechanisms of Oxidative Damage, Carcinogenesis and Synergistic Effects with Other Respirable Particles," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-18, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:6:y:2009:i:2:p:445-462:d:3923
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Athanasios Valavanidis & Thomais Vlachogianni & Konstantinos Fiotakis & Spyridon Loridas, 2013. "Pulmonary Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Cancer: Respirable Particulate Matter, Fibrous Dusts and Ozone as Major Causes of Lung Carcinogenesis through Reactive Oxygen Species Mechanisms," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-22, August.
    2. Farzaneh Allahdinian Hesaruiyeh & Saeed Rajabi & Mohadeseh Motamed-Jahromi & Mohammad Sarhadi & Michelle L. Bell & Razieh Khaksefidi & Somayeh Sarhadi & Leili Mohammadi & Kamal Dua & Amin Mohammadpour, 2022. "A Pilot Study on the Association of Lead, 8-Hydroxyguanine, and Malondialdehyde Levels in Opium Addicts’ Blood Serum with Illicit Drug Use and Non-Addict Persons," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-11, July.
    3. Duan, Zhengxiao & Zhang, Yanni & Deng, Jun & Shu, Pan & Yao, Di, 2023. "A systematic exploration of mapping knowledge domains for free radical research related to coal," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    4. Magdalena Chełchowska & Jadwiga Ambroszkiewicz & Joanna Gajewska & Joanna Mazur & Leszek Lewandowski & Marzanna Reśko-Zachara & Tomasz M. Maciejewski, 2018. "Influence of Active Exposure to Tobacco Smoke on Nitric Oxide Status of Pregnant Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-14, December.
    5. Arnold Kamis & Rui Cao & Yifan He & Yuan Tian & Chuyue Wu, 2021. "Predicting Lung Cancer in the United States: A Multiple Model Examination of Public Health Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-27, June.
    6. Mohamad S. AlSalhi & Sandhanasamy Devanesan & Khalid E. AlZahrani & Mashael AlShebly & Fatima Al-Qahtani & Karim Farhat & Vadivel Masilamani, 2018. "Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Human Erythrocytes: Atomic Force Microscopy and Spectral Investigations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-12, October.
    7. Chung-Yen Lu & Yee-Chung Ma & Pei-Chun Chen & Chin-Ching Wu & Yi-Chun Chen, 2014. "Oxidative Stress of Office Workers Relevant to Tobacco Smoking and Inner Air Quality," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-12, May.

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