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Environmental Risk in American Indian Children, Including Cardiovascular and Hematologic Consequences of Cadmium Exposure: Possible Means of Mitigation

Author

Listed:
  • Joseph Burns

    (Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA)

  • Cesar E. Larancuent

    (Divisions of Medicine and Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA)

  • Cian L. Jacob

    (Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA)

  • Danielle A. Heims-Waldron

    (Division of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA)

  • Whitney R. Lloyd

    (Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford University, Paolo Alto, CA 94304, USA)

  • Justin P. Zachariah

    (Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA)

  • Abraham Haimed

    (Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA)

  • Ana Navas-Acien

    (Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA)

  • Jason F. Deen

    (Divisions of Pediatric and Adult Cardiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA)

Abstract

Emerging evidence reveals that cadmium exposure is associated with hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and anemia, among others. Toxic metal exposure poses a particular threat to American Indian/Alaska Native populations, particularly given their proximity to mining waste. This review aims to summarize and organize evidence explaining the cardiovascular and hematologic consequences of cadmium exposure in children, including specific data on this exposure in AI/AN people, and strategies and policy actions to mitigate these consequences in AI/AN children.

Suggested Citation

  • Joseph Burns & Cesar E. Larancuent & Cian L. Jacob & Danielle A. Heims-Waldron & Whitney R. Lloyd & Justin P. Zachariah & Abraham Haimed & Ana Navas-Acien & Jason F. Deen, 2025. "Environmental Risk in American Indian Children, Including Cardiovascular and Hematologic Consequences of Cadmium Exposure: Possible Means of Mitigation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 22(9), pages 1-14, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:22:y:2025:i:9:p:1437-:d:1750478
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rachel Nicoll, 2018. "Environmental Contaminants and Congenital Heart Defects: A Re-Evaluation of the Evidence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-23, September.
    2. David Rojas-Rueda & Emily Morales-Zamora & Wael Abdullah Alsufyani & Christopher H. Herbst & Salem M. AlBalawi & Reem Alsukait & Mashael Alomran, 2021. "Environmental Risk Factors and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-38, January.
    3. Giuseppe Genchi & Maria Stefania Sinicropi & Graziantonio Lauria & Alessia Carocci & Alessia Catalano, 2020. "The Effects of Cadmium Toxicity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-24, May.
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