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Need for Recovery and Work–Family Conflict in the Armed Forces: A Latent Profile Analysis of Job Demands and Resources

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  • Francesco Pace

    (Department of Economics, Business and Statistics, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze ed. 13, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

  • Cristina Moavero

    (Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

  • Giuditta Cusimano

    (Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

  • Giulia Sciotto

    (Department of Economics, Business and Statistics, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze ed. 13, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

Abstract

Building on the Job Demands–Resources model, this study aims to investigate the interaction between job characteristics and work-related stress indicators in a sample of 211 Italian Armed Forces personnel. Using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA), three distinct profiles emerged based on job demands (workload and perception of performing high-risk work) and resources (relationships with colleagues and supervisors, perceived meaningfulness of work, and feedback received on quality of work). The first profile, characterized by high demands and low resources, was associated with higher levels of work–family conflict and need for recovery (an indicator of perceived fatigue at the end of the workday). The second profile, characterized by high resources and low demands, showed the lowest levels of both need for recovery and work–family conflict, while the third profile showed average scores on demands, resources, and outcome variables. These findings are in line with the chosen theoretical framework and prompt several reflections on work-related well-being in the armed forces and what can promote it. Stemming from the results is the importance of organizational interventions designed to protect employees’ well-being and support their effective functioning. Such interventions are particularly critical within the armed forces context, where operational performance has a direct impact on the safety and well-being of citizens.

Suggested Citation

  • Francesco Pace & Cristina Moavero & Giuditta Cusimano & Giulia Sciotto, 2025. "Need for Recovery and Work–Family Conflict in the Armed Forces: A Latent Profile Analysis of Job Demands and Resources," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 22(5), pages 1-16, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:22:y:2025:i:5:p:795-:d:1658449
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jari J. Hakanen & Annina Ropponen & Hans De Witte & Wilmar B. Schaufeli, 2019. "Testing Demands and Resources as Determinants of Vitality among Different Employment Contract Groups. A Study in 30 European Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Farhan Sarwar & Siti Aisyah Panatik & Mohammad Saipol Mohd Sukor & Noraini Rusbadrol, 2021. "A Job Demand–Resource Model of Satisfaction With Work–Family Balance Among Academic Faculty: Mediating Roles of Psychological Capital, Work-to-Family Conflict, and Enrichment," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(2), pages 21582440211, April.
    3. Chi-Ming Hsieh & Bi-Kun Tsai, 2019. "Effects of Social Support on the Stress-Health Relationship: Gender Comparison among Military Personnel," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-15, April.
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