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Assessment of Exposure to Benzene Among Gasoline Station Workers in Thailand: Risk Assessment Matrix Methods

Author

Listed:
  • Sunisa Chaiklieng

    (Department of Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand)

  • Umakorn Tongsantia

    (Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand)

  • Pornnapa Suggaravetsiri

    (Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand)

  • Herman Autrup

    (Institute of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark)

Abstract

This study of risk assessment of gasoline station workers was performed by using the following three models: the occupational safety and health (OSH) risk assessment aligned with ISO 45001, the biomatrix of health risk, and the benzene risk matrix assessment for gasoline station workers. Levels of inhaled air benzene and urine tt-muconic acid (tt-MA) were measured using samples collected from 151 gasoline station workers. Opportunity levels of benzene exposure were obtained by multiplying the frequency of benzene exposure by the levels of tt-MA, the inhaled benzene concentration levels, or the likelihood levels from contributing risk factors at gasoline stations. The final risk scores were calculated by multiplying the opportunity levels by the severity based on the adverse symptoms of benzene toxicity experienced by workers. A checklist regarding risk factors contributing to benzene exposure was used to collect data on occupational safety performance. The potential health risk was at an unacceptable level for 66.23%, 75.50%, and 60.26% of workers according to the OSH risk, the biomatrix of health risk, and the benzene risk matrix model, respectively. There was a significant linear relationship between the risk levels indicated by the three matrix models (r > 0.6, p < 0.001). These findings demonstrate that alternative risk assessments can be provided and simply used for preventive action against health hazards from benzene exposure in risk management programs.

Suggested Citation

  • Sunisa Chaiklieng & Umakorn Tongsantia & Pornnapa Suggaravetsiri & Herman Autrup, 2025. "Assessment of Exposure to Benzene Among Gasoline Station Workers in Thailand: Risk Assessment Matrix Methods," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 22(3), pages 1-12, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:22:y:2025:i:3:p:397-:d:1608195
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sunisa Chaiklieng & Pornnapa Suggaravetsiri & Norbert Kaminski & Herman Autrup, 2019. "Factors Affecting Urinary tt-Muconic Acid Detection among Benzene Exposed Workers at Gasoline Stations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-11, October.
    2. Benjamin Edokpolo & Qiming Jimmy Yu & Des Connell, 2014. "Health Risk Assessment of Ambient Air Concentrations of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene (BTX) in Service Station Environments," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-21, June.
    3. Manuela Chiavarini & Patrizia Rosignoli & Beatrice Sorbara & Irene Giacchetta & Roberto Fabiani, 2024. "Benzene Exposure and Lung Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(2), pages 1-19, February.
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