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Health Risk Assessment of Ambient Air Concentrations of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene (BTX) in Service Station Environments

Author

Listed:
  • Benjamin Edokpolo

    (Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia)

  • Qiming Jimmy Yu

    (Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia)

  • Des Connell

    (Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia)

Abstract

A comprehensive evaluation of the adverse health effects of human exposures to BTX from service station emissions was carried out using BTX exposure data from the scientific literature. The data was grouped into different scenarios based on activity, location and occupation and plotted as Cumulative Probability Distributions (CPD) plots. Health risk was evaluated for each scenario using the Hazard Quotient (HQ) at 50% (C EXP50 ) and 95% (C EXP95 ) exposure levels. HQ 50 and HQ 95 > 1 were obtained with benzene in the scenario for service station attendants and mechanics repairing petrol dispensing pumps indicating a possible health risk. The risk was minimized for service stations using vapour recovery systems which greatly reduced the benzene exposure levels. HQ 50 and HQ 95 < 1 were obtained for all other scenarios with benzene suggesting minimal risk for most of the exposed population. However, HQ 50 and HQ 95 < 1 was also found with toluene and xylene for all scenarios, suggesting minimal health risk. The lifetime excess Cancer Risk (CR) and Overall Risk Probability for cancer on exposure to benzene was calculated for all Scenarios and this was higher amongst service station attendants than any other scenario.

Suggested Citation

  • Benjamin Edokpolo & Qiming Jimmy Yu & Des Connell, 2014. "Health Risk Assessment of Ambient Air Concentrations of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene (BTX) in Service Station Environments," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-21, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:11:y:2014:i:6:p:6354-6374:d:37210
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Raeesa Moolla & Christopher J. Curtis & Jasper Knight, 2015. "Occupational Exposure of Diesel Station Workers to BTEX Compounds at a Bus Depot," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-15, April.
    2. Benjamin Edokpolo & Qiming Jimmy Yu & Des Connell, 2015. "Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Benzene in Petroleum Refinery Environments," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-16, January.
    3. Sunisa Chaiklieng & Pornnapa Suggaravetsiri & Herman Autrup, 2019. "Risk Assessment on Benzene Exposure among Gasoline Station Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-9, July.
    4. Masilu Daniel Masekameni & Raeesa Moolla & Mary Gulumian & Derk Brouwer, 2018. "Risk Assessment of Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, and Xylene Concentrations from the Combustion of Coal in a Controlled Laboratory Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-18, December.
    5. Kristal Pech & Norma Pérez-Herrera & Ángel Antonio Vértiz-Hernández & Martín Lajous & Paulina Farías, 2023. "Health Risk Assessment in Children Occupationally and Para-Occupationally Exposed to Benzene Using a Reverse-Translation PBPK Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-11, January.

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