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Adopting a WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control-Based Tobacco Control Law in Ethiopia: Sustained Transnational Health Advocacy and Multi-Sectoral Institutionalized Support

Author

Listed:
  • Eric Crosbie

    (School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
    Ozmen Institute for Global Studies, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA)

  • Kyle Edison

    (School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA)

  • Vandyke Maclean

    (School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA)

  • Dereje Moges

    (Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, Washington, DC 20005, USA)

  • Caroline Fuss

    (Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, Washington, DC 20005, USA)

  • Monique E. Muggli

    (Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, Washington, DC 20005, USA)

  • Bintou Camara Bityeki

    (Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, Washington, DC 20005, USA)

  • Ernesto M. Sebrié

    (Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, Washington, DC 20005, USA)

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to document how Ethiopia adopted a WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC)-based tobacco control law. Methods: We analyzed publicly available documents, including news media articles, advocacy reports, and government documents. We triangulated these findings by interviewing nine key stakeholders. Data were analyzed to construct a historical and thematic narrative and analyzed through a retrospective policy analysis. Results: Local and international health advocacy efforts helped introduce and support WHO FCTC-based legislation by (1) educating policymakers about the WHO FCTC, (2) providing legal assistance in drafting legislation, (3) generating local data to counter industry claims, and (4) producing media advocacy to expose industry activity. Health advocates worked closely with government officials to create a multi-sectoral tobacco committee to institutionalize efforts and insulate tobacco companies from the policymaking process. Japan Tobacco International bought majority shares of the government-owned tobacco company and attempted to participate in the process, using standard industry tactics to undermine legislative efforts. However, with health advocacy assistance, government officials were able to reject these attempts and adopt a WHO FCTC-based law in 2019 that included 100% smoke-free indoor places, a comprehensive ban on tobacco advertising, and large pictorial health warning labels, among other provisions. Conclusion: Sustained local health advocacy efforts supported by international technical and financial assistance can help establish WHO FCTC-based tobacco control laws. Applying a standardized multi-sectoral approach can establish coordinating mechanisms to further institutionalize the WHO FCTC as a legal tool to build support with other government sectors and insulate the tobacco industry from the policymaking process.

Suggested Citation

  • Eric Crosbie & Kyle Edison & Vandyke Maclean & Dereje Moges & Caroline Fuss & Monique E. Muggli & Bintou Camara Bityeki & Ernesto M. Sebrié, 2024. "Adopting a WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control-Based Tobacco Control Law in Ethiopia: Sustained Transnational Health Advocacy and Multi-Sectoral Institutionalized Support," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(3), pages 1-18, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:3:p:280-:d:1348128
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Uang, R. & Hiilamo, H. & Glantz, S.A., 2016. "Accelerated adoption of smoke-free laws after ratification of the world health organization framework convention on tobacco control," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 106(1), pages 166-171.
    2. Ayumi Onoue & Yohei Inaba & Kentaro Machida & Takuya Samukawa & Hiromasa Inoue & Hajime Kurosawa & Hiromitsu Ogata & Naoki Kunugita & Hisamitsu Omori, 2022. "Association between Fathers’ Use of Heated Tobacco Products and Urinary Cotinine Concentrations in Their Spouses and Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-11, May.
    3. Chengetai Dare & Nicole Vellios & Praveen Kumar & Radhika Nayak & Corné van Walbeek, 2023. "A Media Analysis of the COVID-19 Tobacco Sales Ban in South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(18), pages 1-12, September.
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