IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v20y2023i6p4889-d1093351.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures and COVID-19 Infection on Cognitive Functions: A Review in Healthy and Neurological Populations

Author

Listed:
  • Alessio Manfredini

    (Department of Humanities Studies, University Federico II, 80133 Naples, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Francesca Pisano

    (Department of Humanities Studies, University Federico II, 80133 Naples, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Chiara Incoccia

    (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy)

  • Paola Marangolo

    (Department of Humanities Studies, University Federico II, 80133 Naples, Italy)

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic severely affected people’s mental health all over the world. This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of the literature related to the effects of COVID-19 lockdown measures and COVID-19 infection on cognitive functioning in both healthy people and people with neurological conditions by considering only standardized tests. We performed a narrative review of the literature via two databases, PUBMED and SCOPUS, from December 2019 to December 2022. In total, 62 out of 1356 articles were selected and organized into three time periods: short-term (1–4 months), medium-term (5–8 months), and long-term (9–12 months), according to the time in which the tests were performed. Regardless of the time period, most studies showed a general worsening in cognitive performance in people with neurological conditions due to COVID-19 lockdown measures and in healthy individuals recovered from COVID-19 infection. Our review is the first to highlight the importance of considering standardized tests as reliable measures to quantify the presence of cognitive deficits due to COVID-19. Indeed, we believe that they provide an objective measure of the cognitive difficulties encountered in the different populations, while allowing clinicians to plan rehabilitation treatments that can be of great help to many patients who still, nowadays, experience post-COVID-19 symptoms.

Suggested Citation

  • Alessio Manfredini & Francesca Pisano & Chiara Incoccia & Paola Marangolo, 2023. "The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures and COVID-19 Infection on Cognitive Functions: A Review in Healthy and Neurological Populations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-19, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:6:p:4889-:d:1093351
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/6/4889/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/6/4889/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Martina Cacciatore & Alberto Raggi & Andrea Pilotto & Viviana Cristillo & Erika Guastafierro & Claudia Toppo & Francesca G. Magnani & Davide Sattin & Arianna Mariniello & Fabiola Silvaggi & Stefano Co, 2022. "Neurological and Mental Health Symptoms Associated with Post-COVID-19 Disability in a Sample of Patients Discharged from a COVID-19 Ward: A Secondary Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-10, April.
    2. Francesca Pisano & Alessio Manfredini & Daniela Brachi & Luana Landi & Lucia Sorrentino & Marianna Bottone & Chiara Incoccia & Paola Marangolo, 2022. "How Has COVID-19 Impacted Our Language Use?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-10, October.
    3. Giacomo Tondo & Barbara Sarasso & Paola Serra & Fabiana Tesser & Cristoforo Comi, 2021. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Cognition of People with Dementia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-11, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jaehoon Jung & Sunyoung Kim & Byungsung Kim & Miji Kim & Jisoo Yang & Dongmin Chung & Changwon Won, 2022. "Accelerated Cognitive Function Decline in Community-Dwelling Older Adults during COVID-19 Pandemic: The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-11, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:6:p:4889-:d:1093351. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.