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Influence of Cluster Sets on Mechanical and Perceptual Variables in Adolescent Athletes

Author

Listed:
  • Gustavo Api

    (Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Technology, Curitiba 81310-900, Paraná, Brazil)

  • Rosimeide Francisco dos Santos Legnani

    (Department of Physical Education, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, Paraná, Brazil)

  • Diogo Bertella Foschiera

    (Physical Education Collegiate, Federal Institute of Paraná, Palmas 85555-000, Paraná, Brazil)

  • Filipe Manuel Clemente

    (Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
    Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Elto Legnani

    (Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Technology, Curitiba 81310-900, Paraná, Brazil)

Abstract

Cluster sets (CS) are effective in maintaining performance and reducing perceived effort compared to traditional sets (TRD). However, little is known about these effects on adolescent athletes. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of CS on the performance of mechanical and perceptual variables in young athletes. Eleven subjects [4 boys (age = 15.5 ± 0.8 years; body mass = 54.3 ± 7.0 kg; body height = 1.67 ± 0.04 m; Back Squat 1RM/body mass: 1.62 ± 0.19 kg; years from peak height velocity [PHV]: 0.94 ± 0.50) and 7 girls (age = 17.2 ± 1.4 years; body mass = 54.7 ± 6.3 kg; body height = 1.63 ± 0.08 m; Back Squat 1RM/body mass: 1.22 ± 0.16 kg; years from PHV: 3.33 ± 1.00)] participated in a randomized crossover design with one traditional (TRD: 3 × 8, no intra-set and 225 s interest rest) and two clusters (CS1: 3 × 2 × 4, one 30 s intra-set and 180 s inter-set rest; and CS2: 3 × 4 × 2, three 30 s intra-set and 90 s inter-set rest) protocols. The subjects were assessed for a Back Squat 1RM for the first meet, then performed the three protocols on three different days, with at least 48 h between them. During experimental sessions, a back squat exercise was performed, and mean propulsive velocity (MPV), power (MPP), and force (MPF) were collected to analyze performance between protocols, together with measures of countermovement jump (CMJ) and perceptual responses through Rating of Perceived Exertion for each set (RPE-Set) and the overall session (S-RPE), and Muscle Soreness (DOMS). The results showed that velocity and power decline (MVD and MPD) were favorable for CS2 (MVD: −5.61 ± 14.84%; MPD: −5.63 ± 14.91%) against TRD (MVD: −21.10 ± 11.88%; MPD: −20.98 ± 11.85%) ( p < 0.01) and CS1 (MVD: −21.44 ± 12.13%; MPD: −21.50 ± 12.20%) ( p < 0.05). For RPE-Set, the scores were smaller for CS2 (RPE8: 3.23 ± 0.61; RPE16: 4.32 ± 1.42; RPE24: 4.46 ± 1.51) compared to TRD (RPE8: 4.73 ± 1.33; RPE16: 5.46 ± 1.62; RPE24: 6.23 ± 1.97) ( p = 0.008), as well as for Session RPE (CS2: 4.32 ± 1.59; TRD: 5.68 ± 1.75) ( p = 0.015). There were no changes for jump height (CMJ: p = 0.985), and the difference between time points in CMJ (ΔCMJ: p = 0.213) and muscle soreness (DOMS: p = 0.437) were identified. Our findings suggest that using CS with a greater number of intra-set rests is more efficient even with the total rest interval equalized, presenting lower decreases in mechanical performance and lower perceptual effort responses.

Suggested Citation

  • Gustavo Api & Rosimeide Francisco dos Santos Legnani & Diogo Bertella Foschiera & Filipe Manuel Clemente & Elto Legnani, 2023. "Influence of Cluster Sets on Mechanical and Perceptual Variables in Adolescent Athletes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-20, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:4:p:2810-:d:1058357
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Guillermo Barahona-Fuentes & Álvaro Huerta Ojeda & Luis Chirosa-Ríos, 2021. "Effects of Training with Different Modes of Strength Intervention on Psychosocial Disorders in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-23, September.
    2. Kenji Doma & Jonathan Connor & Daniel Gahreman & Daniel Boullosa & Juha P. Ahtiainen & Akinori Nagata, 2020. "Resistance Training Acutely Impairs Agility and Spike-Specific Performance Measures in Collegiate Female Volleyball Players Returning from the Off-Season," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-11, September.
    3. James J Tufano & Matej Halaj & Tomas Kampmiller & Adrian Novosad & Gabriel Buzgo, 2018. "Cluster sets vs. traditional sets: Levelling out the playing field using a power-based threshold," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(11), pages 1-13, November.
    4. Emanuela Gualdi-Russo & Natascia Rinaldo & Luciana Zaccagni, 2022. "Physical Activity and Body Image Perception in Adolescents: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-28, October.
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