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Evaluation of Parabens and Bisphenol A Concentration Levels in Wild Bat Guano Samples

Author

Listed:
  • Slawomir Gonkowski

    (Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Street Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Julia Martín

    (Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Virgen de África, 7, E-41011 Sevilla, Spain)

  • Irene Aparicio

    (Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Virgen de África, 7, E-41011 Sevilla, Spain)

  • Juan Luis Santos

    (Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Virgen de África, 7, E-41011 Sevilla, Spain)

  • Esteban Alonso

    (Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Virgen de África, 7, E-41011 Sevilla, Spain)

  • Liliana Rytel

    (Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland)

Abstract

Parabens and bisphenol A are synthetic compounds found in many everyday objects, including bottles, food containers, personal care products, cosmetics and medicines. These substances may penetrate the environment and living organisms, on which they have a negative impact. Till now, numerous studies have described parabens and BPA in humans, but knowledge about terrestrial wild mammals’ exposure to these compounds is very limited. Therefore, during this study, the most common concentration levels of BPA and parabens were selected (such as methyl paraben—MeP, ethyl paraben—EtP, propyl paraben—PrP and butyl paraben—BuP) and analyzed in guano samples collected in summer (nursery) colonies of greater mouse-eared bats ( Myotis myotis ) using liquid chromatography with the tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method. MeP has been found in all guano samples and its median concentration levels amounted to 39.6 ng/g. Other parabens were present in smaller number of samples (from 5% for BuP to 62.5% for EtP) and in lower concentrations. Median concentration levels of these substances achieved 0.95 ng/g, 1.45 ng/g and 15.56 ng/g for EtP, PrP and BuP, respectively. BPA concentration levels did not exceed the method quantification limit (5 ng/g dw) in any sample. The present study has shown that wild bats are exposed to parabens and BPA, and guano samples are a suitable matrix for studies on wild animal exposure to these substances.

Suggested Citation

  • Slawomir Gonkowski & Julia Martín & Irene Aparicio & Juan Luis Santos & Esteban Alonso & Liliana Rytel, 2023. "Evaluation of Parabens and Bisphenol A Concentration Levels in Wild Bat Guano Samples," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-17, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:1928-:d:1042526
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Krystyna Makowska & Julia Martín & Andrzej Rychlik & Irene Aparicio & Juan Luis Santos & Esteban Alonso & Sławomir Gonkowski, 2022. "Hair Sample Analysis as a Method of Monitoring Exposure to Bisphenol A in Dogs," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-13, April.
    2. Ge Liu & Wei Cai & Huan Liu & Haihong Jiang & Yongyi Bi & Hong Wang, 2021. "The Association of Bisphenol A and Phthalates with Risk of Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-16, March.
    3. Emily Hager & Jiangang Chen & Ling Zhao, 2022. "Minireview: Parabens Exposure and Breast Cancer," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-15, February.
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