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Clinical Challenges in the Management of Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tumours

Author

Listed:
  • Iqra Saani

    (Department of Medicine, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK)

  • Nitish Raj

    (Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK)

  • Raja Sood

    (Department of Clinical Medical Education, Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, Epsom KT18 7EG, UK)

  • Shahbaz Ansari

    (Department of Medicine, Glan Clwyd Hospital, NHS Wales, Denbighshire LL18 5UJ, UK)

  • Haider Abbas Mandviwala

    (Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi 75000, Sindh, Pakistan)

  • Elisabet Sanchez

    (Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK)

  • Stergios Boussios

    (Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK
    Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
    Kent Medway Medical School, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7LX, UK
    AELIA Organization, 9th Km Thessaloniki—Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece)

Abstract

Nonepithelial ovarian cancers (NEOC) are a group of rare malignancies, including germ cell tumours (GCT) and sex cord-stromal tumours (SCST), along with small-cell carcinomas and sarcomas. GCTs represent 2–5% of ovarian cancers, with a yearly incidence of 4:100,000, and they usually affect young women and adolescents. Precursory germ cells of the ovary form the basis of GCT. They are histologically classified into primitive GCT, teratomas, and monodermal and somatic-type tumours associated with dermoid cysts. A primitive GCT can be either a yolk sac tumour (YST), dysgerminoma, or mixed germ cell neoplasm. Teratomas are either mature (benign) or immature (malignant). Given that malignant GCTs occur rarely compared to epithelial ovarian tumours (EOC), greater focus is required in their diagnosis and treatment. In this article, we review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and molecular biology, along with the management and therapeutic challenges.

Suggested Citation

  • Iqra Saani & Nitish Raj & Raja Sood & Shahbaz Ansari & Haider Abbas Mandviwala & Elisabet Sanchez & Stergios Boussios, 2023. "Clinical Challenges in the Management of Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tumours," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(12), pages 1-16, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:12:p:6089-:d:1167219
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Alison Cheung & Sidrah Shah & Jack Parker & Pavandeep Soor & Anu Limbu & Matin Sheriff & Stergios Boussios, 2022. "Non-Epithelial Ovarian Cancers: How Much Do We Really Know?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-18, January.
    2. Aruni Ghose & Anita Bolina & Ishika Mahajan & Syed Ahmer Raza & Miranda Clarke & Abhinanda Pal & Elisabet Sanchez & Kathrine Sofia Rallis & Stergios Boussios, 2022. "Hereditary Ovarian Cancer: Towards a Cost-Effective Prevention Strategy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-18, September.
    3. Fumio Nakaki & Katsuhiko Hayashi & Hiroshi Ohta & Kazuki Kurimoto & Yukihiro Yabuta & Mitinori Saitou, 2013. "Induction of mouse germ-cell fate by transcription factors in vitro," Nature, Nature, vol. 501(7466), pages 222-226, September.
    4. Antonios Revythis & Anu Limbu & Christos Mikropoulos & Aruni Ghose & Elisabet Sanchez & Matin Sheriff & Stergios Boussios, 2022. "Recent Insights into PARP and Immuno-Checkpoint Inhibitors in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-19, July.
    5. Sidrah Shah & Alison Cheung & Mikolaj Kutka & Matin Sheriff & Stergios Boussios, 2022. "Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Providing Evidence of Predisposition Genes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-14, July.
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