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Nutrients and Environmental Factors Cross Wavelet Analysis of River Yi in East China: A Multi-Scale Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Lizhi Wang

    (Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Hongli Song

    (Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Juan An

    (Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China)

  • Bin Dong

    (Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China)

  • Xiyuan Wu

    (Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China)

  • Yuanzhi Wu

    (Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China)

  • Yun Wang

    (Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China)

  • Bao Li

    (Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China)

  • Qianjin Liu

    (Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China)

  • Wanni Yu

    (Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China)

Abstract

The accumulation of nutrients in rivers is a major cause of eutrophication, and the change in nutrient content is affected by a variety of factors. Taking the River Yi as an example, this study used wavelet analysis tools to examine the periodic changes in nutrients and environmental factors, as well as the relationship between nutrients and environmental factors. The results revealed that total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and ammonia nitrogen ( NH 4 + –N) exhibit multiscale oscillation features, with the dominating periods of 16–17, 26, and 57–60 months. The continuous wavelet transform revealed periodic fluctuation laws on multiple scales between nutrients and several environmental factors. Wavelet transform coherence (WTC) was performed on nutrients and environmental factors, and the results showed that temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) have a strong influence on nutrient concentration fluctuation. The WTC revealed a weak correlation between pH and TP. On a longer period, however, pH was positively correlated with TN. The flow was found to be positively correct with N and P, while N and P were found to be negatively correct with DO and electrical conductance (EC) at different scales. In most cases, TP was negatively correlated with 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ) and permanganate index (COD Mn ). The correlation between TN and COD Mn and BOD 5 was limited, and no clear dominant phase emerged. In a nutshell, wavelet analysis revealed that water temperature, pH, DO, flow, EC, COD Mn , and BOD 5 had a pronounced influence on nutrient concentration in the River Yi at different time scales. In the case of the combination of environmental factors, pH and DO play the largest role in determining nutrient concentration.

Suggested Citation

  • Lizhi Wang & Hongli Song & Juan An & Bin Dong & Xiyuan Wu & Yuanzhi Wu & Yun Wang & Bao Li & Qianjin Liu & Wanni Yu, 2022. "Nutrients and Environmental Factors Cross Wavelet Analysis of River Yi in East China: A Multi-Scale Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-19, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2022:i:1:p:496-:d:1017803
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jeff J. Hudson & William D. Taylor & David W. Schindler, 2000. "Phosphate concentrations in lakes," Nature, Nature, vol. 406(6791), pages 54-56, July.
    2. Vasechkina, E.F., 2020. "Nonlinear relationships between phytoplankton nutrient utilization traits and environmental factors," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 433(C).
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