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Validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for Screening Depressive Disorders among Korean Employees: A Longitudinal Study of the National Health Examination Data

Author

Listed:
  • Jihye Lee

    (Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Ulsan 44429, Korea)

  • Kyeong-Eun Lee

    (Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Ulsan 44429, Korea)

  • Sungkyun Park

    (Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Ulsan 44429, Korea)

  • Kyo Yeon Jun

    (Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Ulsan 44429, Korea)

Abstract

This nationwide longitudinal study examined the screening utility of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for Korean workers (aged 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 years) who completed the questionnaire in 2018. Data on disease names and health-related behaviors were collected from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). Follow-up began on 1 January 2018, and the primary endpoint was the hospitalization date for depression, self-harm, or suicide or 31 December 2019. Of the 766,351 participants, 741,423 received depression screening. Those screened were classified into normal (n = 716,760) and high-risk groups (n = 24,663) based on PHQ-9 scores. The incidence of hospital admissions for depression, self-harm, or suicide in the non-screened, normal, and high-risk groups was analyzed, and the PHQ-9′s validity was examined. There were more females in the high-risk group than in the normal group, and the income distribution differed. The two-year cumulative incidence was highest for the high-risk group (4.21%), followed by the normal (0.89%) and non-screened groups (0.80%). The PHQ-9′s sensitivity was low (males: 14.2%; females: 13.8%). Its specificity for males and females was 97.1% and 96.3%, respectively. Our findings may help develop a system to prevent suicides and hospitalizations attributed to workplace depression.

Suggested Citation

  • Jihye Lee & Kyeong-Eun Lee & Sungkyun Park & Kyo Yeon Jun, 2022. "Validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for Screening Depressive Disorders among Korean Employees: A Longitudinal Study of the National Health Examination Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-11, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:7:p:3780-:d:777030
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Young Chin & Hyo Lee & Eun So, 2011. "Suicidal ideation and associated factors by sex in Korean adults: a population-based cross-sectional survey," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 56(4), pages 429-439, August.
    2. Oshio, Takashi & Tsutsumi, Akizumi & Inoue, Akiomi, 2015. "Do time-invariant confounders explain away the association between job stress and workers' mental health?: Evidence from Japanese occupational panel data," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 138-144.
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