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How Long Does Adaption Last for? An Update on the Psychological Impact of the Confinement in Portugal

Author

Listed:
  • Ana Daniela Costa

    (Psychological Neuroscience Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal)

  • Afonso Fernandes

    (Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
    ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Guimarães, Braga, Portugal)

  • Sónia Ferreira

    (Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
    ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Guimarães, Braga, Portugal)

  • Beatriz Couto

    (Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
    ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Guimarães, Braga, Portugal)

  • Mafalda Machado-Sousa

    (Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
    ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Guimarães, Braga, Portugal)

  • Pedro Moreira

    (Psychological Neuroscience Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
    Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
    ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Guimarães, Braga, Portugal)

  • Pedro Morgado

    (Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
    ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Maria Picó-Pérez

    (Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
    ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

During the first COVID-19 related confinement in Portugal, there was a decrease in the levels of psychological symptoms measured by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (March to April 2020). Upon experiencing a new period of restraints in 2021, the psychological impact of this sample was assessed again ( N = 322, two more time points). It was expected that the psychological symptoms evidenced in February 2021 would be at similar levels to those found in April 2020, leading to a transfer of adaptation. Contrary to our hypothesis, in the second confinement in Portugal there were higher levels of depression and stress symptoms than at the beginning of the pandemic. On the other hand, the maximum level of anxiety was observed in March 2020. It seems that our perception of the threats in 2021 was not the same as at the onset of COVID-19, or that knowledge was not disseminated to the general population to increase their mental health literacy and help them cope with the imposed challenges.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana Daniela Costa & Afonso Fernandes & Sónia Ferreira & Beatriz Couto & Mafalda Machado-Sousa & Pedro Moreira & Pedro Morgado & Maria Picó-Pérez, 2022. "How Long Does Adaption Last for? An Update on the Psychological Impact of the Confinement in Portugal," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-7, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:4:p:2243-:d:750836
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cuiyan Wang & Riyu Pan & Xiaoyang Wan & Yilin Tan & Linkang Xu & Cyrus S. Ho & Roger C. Ho, 2020. "Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-25, March.
    2. Pedro Silva Moreira & Sónia Ferreira & Beatriz Couto & Mafalda Machado-Sousa & Marcos Fernández & Catarina Raposo-Lima & Nuno Sousa & Maria Picó-Pérez & Pedro Morgado, 2021. "Protective Elements of Mental Health Status during the COVID-19 Outbreak in the Portuguese Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-10, February.
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