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Development and Validation of a New Gadget Addiction Scale (Screen Dependency Scale) among Pre-School Children in Malaysia

Author

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  • Azwanis Abdul Hadi

    (Department of Family Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia)

  • Siti Ruziana Roslan

    (Department of Family Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia)

  • Edre Mohammad Aidid

    (Department of Community Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia)

  • Nurzulaikha Abdullah

    (Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Health campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia)

  • Ramli Musa

    (Department of Psychiatry, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia)

Abstract

Background: Excessive screen time in young children is associated with many harmful consequences including screen dependency. Research has shown a worrying prevalence of media-related dependency among adolescents and pre-school children. There are a few available questionnaires among adolescents but none for pre-school children. This study aimed to design and validate a questionnaire to assess screen dependency among pre-school children aged 4 to 6 years old. Methodology: A cross-sectional two-phase study was carried out to develop the scale. In phase 1, a preliminary parent-report measure questionnaire was developed in Bahasa Malaysia. Later, it was sent to four experts for content validity followed by face validity. In Phase 2, a total of 386 parents of pre-school children aged 4 to 6 years old, split into two samples, were involved in the field study for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Result: Sample 1 was used to perform EFA to determine the factorial structure of the SDS. All items with a factor loading of >0.4 were included. Sample 2 was used to perform the CFA. RMSEA and CFI analysis showed that the SDS has a good fit and confirms the dimensional structure found via EFA. The final questionnaire consists of 15 items with a 4 factors’ structure and has excellent internal consistency reliability. Conclusions: The Screen Dependency Scale (SDS) is a reliable and valid questionnaire to detect screen dependency among pre-school children aged 4 to 6 years old in Malaysia.

Suggested Citation

  • Azwanis Abdul Hadi & Siti Ruziana Roslan & Edre Mohammad Aidid & Nurzulaikha Abdullah & Ramli Musa, 2022. "Development and Validation of a New Gadget Addiction Scale (Screen Dependency Scale) among Pre-School Children in Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:24:p:16916-:d:1005436
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Neal V. Dawson & Robert Weiss, 2012. "Dichotomizing Continuous Variables in Statistical Analysis," Medical Decision Making, , vol. 32(2), pages 225-226, March.
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