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Effects of Adding an Online Exercise Program on Physical Function in Individuals Hospitalized by COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Listed:
  • Luis Llurda-Almuzara

    (Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, European University of Gasteiz—EUNEIZ, La Biosfera Ibilbidea, 6, 01013 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
    Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC-Barcelona), C/Josep Trueta s/n, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Jacobo Rodríguez-Sanz

    (Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC-Barcelona), C/Josep Trueta s/n, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
    ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Carlos López-de-Celis

    (Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC-Barcelona), C/Josep Trueta s/n, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
    ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
    Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, 08007 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Ramón Aiguadé-Aiguadé

    (Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universitat de Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain)

  • Raúl Arán-Jové

    (Oxigena Fisioterapia, Calle N, 51, 50170 Mequinenza, Spain
    Hospital Universitari Santa Maria, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 44, 25198 Lleida, Spain)

  • Noé Labata-Lezaun

    (Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC-Barcelona), C/Josep Trueta s/n, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
    ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, 08017 Barcelona, Spain)

  • César Fernández-de-las-Peñas

    (Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcon, Spain)

  • Joan Bosch

    (Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC-Barcelona), C/Josep Trueta s/n, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain)

  • Albert Pérez-Bellmunt

    (Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC-Barcelona), C/Josep Trueta s/n, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
    ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

The worldwide pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has impacted all healthcare systems. One potential sequela experienced by hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors includes muscle weakness with a reduction in strength and, consequently, a possible increase in frailty. The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of adding an online therapeutic exercise program for 8 weeks to the medical prescriptions on functional variables in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. A randomized controlled trial including 70 previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors was conducted. Patients were randomly allocated to an experimental (n = 35) or control (n = 35) group. Both groups received regular prescriptions provided by their medical doctors. The experimental group also received a live online therapeutic exercise program for 8 weeks (3 sessions/week). Handgrip strength, gait speed, lower-extremity strength, balance, and frailty were assessed at baseline, at the end of the program, and one month after the end of the intervention. The repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant Group*Time interactions for all the outcomes: (handgrip dominant: F = 17.395, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.24; handgrip non-dominant: F = 33.197, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.33; 4 m walk test (4WT): F = 13.039, p = 0.001, η 2 = 0.16; short physical performance battery (SPPB): F = 26.421, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.28; the five chair-raise test (5CRT): F = 5.628, p = 0.004, η 2 = 0.08; FRAIL scale: F = 11.249, p = 0.001, η 2 = 0.14): patients in the experimental group experienced greater improvements in all outcomes than those assigned to the control group. This study revealed that the addition of an online exercise program for 8 weeks obtained greater improvements in handgrip strength, gait speed, lower-extremity strength, balance, and frailty in a sample of previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors than application of just usual medical prescription.

Suggested Citation

  • Luis Llurda-Almuzara & Jacobo Rodríguez-Sanz & Carlos López-de-Celis & Ramón Aiguadé-Aiguadé & Raúl Arán-Jové & Noé Labata-Lezaun & César Fernández-de-las-Peñas & Joan Bosch & Albert Pérez-Bellmunt, 2022. "Effects of Adding an Online Exercise Program on Physical Function in Individuals Hospitalized by COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:24:p:16619-:d:999879
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Amir Hossein Ahmadi Hekmatikar & João Batista Ferreira Júnior & Shahnaz Shahrbanian & Katsuhiko Suzuki, 2022. "Functional and Psychological Changes after Exercise Training in Post-COVID-19 Patients Discharged from the Hospital: A PRISMA-Compliant Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-11, February.
    2. Kenneth F Schulz & Douglas G Altman & David Moher & for the CONSORT Group, 2010. "CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(3), pages 1-7, March.
    3. Uratcha Sadjapong & Supachai Yodkeeree & Somporn Sungkarat & Penprapa Siviroj, 2020. "Multicomponent Exercise Program Reduces Frailty and Inflammatory Biomarkers and Improves Physical Performance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-15, May.
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