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Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Brazil between 1996 and 2019

Author

Listed:
  • Antonio de Padua Mansur

    (Serviço de Prevencao, Cardiopatia na Mulher e Reabilitação Cardiovascular, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-900, SP, Brazil)

  • Desidério Favarato

    (Unidade Clinica de Aterosclerose, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-900, SP, Brazil)

  • Célia Maria Cassaro Strunz

    (Laboratorio de Analises Clinicas, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-900, SP, Brazil)

  • Solange Desirée Avakian

    (Unidade Clínica de Valvopatias, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-900, SP, Brazil)

  • Antonio Carlos Pereira-Barretto

    (Serviço de Prevencao, Cardiopatia na Mulher e Reabilitação Cardiovascular, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-900, SP, Brazil)

  • Edimar Alcides Bocchi

    (Unidade Clinica de Insuficiencia Cardiaca, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-900, SP, Brazil)

  • Luiz Antonio Machado César

    (Unidade Clinica de Coronariopatias Cronicas, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-900, SP, Brazil)

Abstract

Background: cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are Brazil’s leading causes of death in women and men. This study analyzed age-adjusted death rate (DRaj) trends from all causes of death (ACD), CVD, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and stroke in women and men aged 35 to 74 years from 1996 to 2019. Methods: We analyzed DRaj trends for all causes of death (ACD), CVD, IHD, and stroke. Data were from the Ministry of Health mortality database. Joinpoint Regression Program™ performed trend analysis and adjustments in death rates. Average annual percentage change (AAPC) determined the intensity of changes. Results: In women, DRaj reduced for ACD (AAPC = −1.6%); CVD (AAPC = −2.6%); IHD (AAPC = −1.9%); and stroke (AAPC = −4.6%) ( p < 0.001 for all). In men, ACD reduced from 1996 to 2004 (AAPC = −0.9%; p < 0.001), from 2012 to 2019 (AAPC = −1.9%; p < 0.001), and unchanged from 2004 to 2012; CVD (AAPC = −2.1%); IHD (AAPC = −1.5%); stroke (AAPC = −4.9%) ( p < 0.001 for all) reduced from 1996 to 2019. From 1996 to 2019, the male/female ratio for ACD remained unchanged. CVD increased from 1.58 to 1.83, IHD from 1.99 to 2.30, and stroke from 1.52 to 1.83. Conclusion: ACD, CVD, IHD, and stroke were reduced more significantly in women, and the ratio of CVD, IHD, and CVD in men and women increased more in men. Future studies will be needed to determine the main factors responsible for a better outcome in women.

Suggested Citation

  • Antonio de Padua Mansur & Desidério Favarato & Célia Maria Cassaro Strunz & Solange Desirée Avakian & Antonio Carlos Pereira-Barretto & Edimar Alcides Bocchi & Luiz Antonio Machado César, 2022. "Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Brazil between 1996 and 2019," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-11, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:19:p:12827-:d:935233
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ariel Bardach & Andrea Alcaraz & Javier Roberti & Agustín Ciapponi & Federico Augustovski & Andrés Pichon-Riviere, 2021. "Optimizing Tobacco Advertising Bans in Seven Latin American Countries: Microsimulation Modeling of Health and Financial Impact to Inform Evidence-Based Policy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-13, May.
    2. David Levy & Liz Maria de Almeida & Andre Szklo, 2012. "The Brazil SimSmoke Policy Simulation Model: The Effect of Strong Tobacco Control Policies on Smoking Prevalence and Smoking-Attributable Deaths in a Middle Income Nation," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(11), pages 1-12, November.
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