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The Impact of COVID-19 on Maternal Mental Health during Pregnancy: A Comparison between Canada and China within the CONCEPTION Cohort

Author

Listed:
  • Nicolas Pagès

    (Research Center CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
    Faculty of Medicine, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France
    These author contributed equally to this work.)

  • Jessica Gorgui

    (Research Center CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
    Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
    These author contributed equally to this work.)

  • Chongjian Wang

    (College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China)

  • Xian Wang

    (College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China)

  • Jin-Ping Zhao

    (Research Center CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada)

  • Vanina Tchuente

    (Research Center CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada)

  • Anaïs Lacasse

    (Health Sciences Department, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9X 5E4, Canada)

  • Sylvana Côté

    (Research Center CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
    Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada)

  • Suzanne King

    (Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada)

  • Flory Muanda

    (Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
    ICES Western, Western University, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada)

  • Yves Mufike

    (Department of Family Medicine, Protestant University in Congo, Kinshasa II, Kinshasa P.O. Box 4745, Democratic Republic of the Congo)

  • Isabelle Boucoiran

    (Research Center CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada)

  • Anne Monique Nuyt

    (Research Center CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
    Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada)

  • Caroline Quach

    (Research Center CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
    Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada)

  • Ema Ferreira

    (Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
    Pharmacy Department, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada)

  • Padma Kaul

    (Department of Medicine, 4-120 Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AL T6G 2R7, Canada)

  • Brandace Winquist

    (Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada)

  • Kieran J. O’Donnell

    (Yale Child Study Center, Department of OB/GYN and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
    Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada)

  • Sherif Eltonsy

    (Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada)

  • Dan Chateau

    (Manitoba Center for Health Policy, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada)

  • Gillian Hanley

    (Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada)

  • Tim Oberlander

    (Department of Pediatrics, School of Population and Public Health, University of BC, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada)

  • Behrouz Kassai

    (Faculty of Medicine, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France
    Department of Clinical Epidemiology, UMR 5558 CNRS, Clinical Investigation Centre, Inserm-Hospices Civils de Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France)

  • Sabine Mainbourg

    (Research Center CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
    Department of Clinical Epidemiology, UMR 5558 CNRS, Clinical Investigation Centre, Inserm-Hospices Civils de Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France)

  • Sasha Bernatsky

    (Divisions of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada)

  • Évelyne Vinet

    (Divisions of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada)

  • Annie Brodeur-Doucet

    (Dispensaire Diététique de Montréal/Montreal Diet Dispensary, Montreal, QC H3H 1J3, Canada)

  • Jackie Demers

    (Dispensaire Diététique de Montréal/Montreal Diet Dispensary, Montreal, QC H3H 1J3, Canada)

  • Philippe Richebé

    (Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, CIUSSS de l’Est de l’Ile de Montreal, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada)

  • Valerie Zaphiratos

    (Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, CIUSSS de l’Est de l’Ile de Montreal, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada)

  • Anick Bérard

    (Research Center CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
    Faculty of Medicine, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France
    Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada)

Abstract

The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal mental health has been described in Canada and China but no study has compared the two countries using the same standardized and validated instruments. In this study, we aimed to evaluate and compare the impact of COVID-19 public health policies on maternal mental health between Canada and China, as we hypothesize that geographical factors and different COVID-19 policies are likely to influence maternal mental health. Pregnant persons >18 years old were recruited in Canada and China using a web-based strategy. All participants recruited between 26 June 2020 and 16 February 2021 were analyzed. Self-reported data included sociodemographic variables, COVID-19 experience and maternal mental health assessments (Edinburgh Perinatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Generalized Anxiety Disorders (GAD-7) scale, stress and satisfaction with life). Analyses were stratified by recruitment cohort, namely: Canada 1 (26 June 2020–10 October 2020), Canada 2 and China (11 October 2020–16 February 2021). Overall, 2423 participants were recruited, with 1804 participants within Canada 1, 135 within Canada 2 and 484 in China. The mean EDPS scores were 8.1 (SD, 5.1) in Canada 1, 8.1 (SD, 5.2) in Canada 2 and 7.7 (SD, 4.9) in China ( p -value Canada 2/China: p = 0.005). The mean GAD-7 scores were 2.6 (SD, 2.9) in China, 4.3 (SD, 3.8) in Canada 1 ( p < 0.001) and 5.8 (SD, 5.2) in Canada 2 ( p < 0.001). When adjusting for stress and anxiety, being part of the Chinese cohort significantly increased the chances of having maternal depression by over threefold (adjusted OR 3.20, 95%CI 1.77–5.78). Canadian and Chinese participants reported depressive scores nearly double those of other crises and non-pandemic periods. Lockdowns and reopening periods have an important impact on levels of depression and anxiety among pregnant persons.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicolas Pagès & Jessica Gorgui & Chongjian Wang & Xian Wang & Jin-Ping Zhao & Vanina Tchuente & Anaïs Lacasse & Sylvana Côté & Suzanne King & Flory Muanda & Yves Mufike & Isabelle Boucoiran & Anne Mon, 2022. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Maternal Mental Health during Pregnancy: A Comparison between Canada and China within the CONCEPTION Cohort," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-22, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:19:p:12386-:d:928588
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Anick Bérard & Jessica Gorgui & Vanina Tchuente & Anaïs Lacasse & Yessica-Haydee Gomez & Sylvana Côté & Suzanne King & Flory Muanda & Yves Mufike & Isabelle Boucoiran & Anne Monique Nuyt & Caroline Qu, 2022. "The COVID-19 Pandemic Impacted Maternal Mental Health Differently Depending on Pregnancy Status and Trimester of Gestation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-19, March.
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