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The Sources and Potential Hosts Identification of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Yellow River, Revealed by Metagenomic Analysis

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  • Kai Zhang

    (Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China)

  • Kuangjia Li

    (Development Research Center, Ministry of Water Resources of People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100032, China)

  • Ziyi Liu

    (Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China)

  • Qidi Li

    (Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China)

  • Wenpeng Li

    (School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China)

  • Qi Chen

    (Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China)

  • Yangchun Xia

    (Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China)

  • Feiyue Hu

    (Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China)

  • Fengxia Yang

    (Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China)

Abstract

The fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has been revealed in various environmental media in recent years. Namely, the emergence of genes that resist colistin and carbapenems has attracted wide attention. However, the pollution condition of ARGs and sources in the Yellow River is still little understood, despite the river being the second longest in China. The present study determined the levels of ARG pollution in the Henan section of the Yellow River and evaluated the role of the aquaculture industry in the spread of ARGs. As revealed by the results, a total of 9 types of ARGs were detected in the sediments of the Yellow River, and the total ARG content in the Yellow River ranges from 7.27 to 245.45 RPKM. Sul 1 and sul 2 are the dominant ARGs, and the huge usage of sulfonamides, horizontal gene transfer, and wide bacteria host contribute to the prevalence of these two genes. The results of Spearman correlation analysis indicate that the breeding industry has little influence on ARGs in the Yellow River. Network analysis reveals that the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas is the potential host of sul 1, tet G, and ANT (3′′)-IIa, which can pose a risk to human health.

Suggested Citation

  • Kai Zhang & Kuangjia Li & Ziyi Liu & Qidi Li & Wenpeng Li & Qi Chen & Yangchun Xia & Feiyue Hu & Fengxia Yang, 2022. "The Sources and Potential Hosts Identification of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Yellow River, Revealed by Metagenomic Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-12, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:16:p:10420-:d:894126
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xiaojuan Wang & Jie Gu & Hua Gao & Xun Qian & Haichao Li, 2018. "Abundances of Clinically Relevant Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Bacterial Community Diversity in the Weihe River, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-14, April.
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