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New Targets and New Technologies in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease: A Narrative Review

Author

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  • Nicola Montemurro

    (Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

  • Nelida Aliaga

    (Medicine Faculty, Austral University, Buenos Aires B1406, Argentina)

  • Pablo Graff

    (Functional Neurosurgery Program, Department of Neurosurgery, San Miguel Arcángel Hospital, Buenos Aires B1406, Argentina)

  • Amanda Escribano

    (Medicine Faculty, Austral University, Buenos Aires B1406, Argentina)

  • Jafeth Lizana

    (Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima 07035, Peru
    Medicine Faculty, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 07035, Peru)

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, whose main neuropathological finding is pars compacta degeneration due to the accumulation of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, and subsequent dopamine depletion. This leads to an increase in the activity of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the internal globus pallidus (GPi). Understanding functional anatomy is the key to understanding and developing new targets and new technologies that could potentially improve motor and non-motor symptoms in PD. Currently, the classical targets are insufficient to improve the entire wide spectrum of symptoms in PD (especially non-dopaminergic ones) and none are free of the side effects which are not only associated with the procedure, but with the targets themselves. The objective of this narrative review is to show new targets in DBS surgery as well as new technologies that are under study and have shown promising results to date. The aim is to give an overview of these new targets, as well as their limitations, and describe the current studies in this research field in order to review ongoing research that will probably become effective and routine treatments for PD in the near future.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicola Montemurro & Nelida Aliaga & Pablo Graff & Amanda Escribano & Jafeth Lizana, 2022. "New Targets and New Technologies in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease: A Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-18, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:14:p:8799-:d:866795
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Arpiar Saunders & Ian A. Oldenburg & Vladimir K. Berezovskii & Caroline A. Johnson & Nathan D. Kingery & Hunter L. Elliott & Tiao Xie & Charles R. Gerfen & Bernardo L. Sabatini, 2015. "A direct GABAergic output from the basal ganglia to frontal cortex," Nature, Nature, vol. 521(7550), pages 85-89, May.
    2. Nicola Montemurro & Sara Condino & Marina Carbone & Nadia Cattari & Renzo D’Amato & Fabrizio Cutolo & Vincenzo Ferrari, 2022. "Brain Tumor and Augmented Reality: New Technologies for the Future," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-3, May.
    3. Rakesh Mishra & M.D. Krishna Narayanan & Giuseppe E. Umana & Nicola Montemurro & Bipin Chaurasia & Harsh Deora, 2022. "Virtual Reality in Neurosurgery: Beyond Neurosurgical Planning," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-14, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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