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The Considerable Water Evaporation Induced by Human Perspiration and Respiration in Megacities: Quantifying Method and Case Study in Beijing

Author

Listed:
  • Chuang Liu

    (State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China)

  • Jiahong Liu

    (State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
    Engineering and Technology Research Center for Water Resources and Hydroecology of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China
    Key Laboratory of River Basin Digital Twinning of Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China)

  • Weiwei Shao

    (State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China)

  • Jiahui Lu

    (State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China)

  • Han Gao

    (College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China)

Abstract

The water cycle in urban areas is called the natural-social dualistic water cycle, and it is driven not only by natural forces, but also by human activities. As the drivers of the social water cycle, human perspire continuously, and this is often overlooked as a contributing factor to the water cycle. This paper proposes a method for quantifying the water evaporation induced by human perspiration and respiration in megacities. A calculation based on the sweating prediction model was applied to the city of Beijing to evaluate the evaporation from the human body. The results show that the greatest volume of evaporation produced by human occurs in summer, and the least in spring. The total evaporation produced by human was converted to the evaporation on unit area of the city and reached 5075.2 m 3 /km 2 in the six core districts of Beijing. According to the calculation, the total volume was considerable and reached 14.0 million m 3 in 2020, which was equivalent to the annual evapotranspiration from an area of 104.9 km 2 of Acer truncatum forest (15 cm diameter at breast height, afforestation density 800 plants/hm 2 ), and even twice the annual total water use in Tartu, Estonia. The results of the study provide a reference for dualistic water cycle research and water cycle flux calculation in urban areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Chuang Liu & Jiahong Liu & Weiwei Shao & Jiahui Lu & Han Gao, 2022. "The Considerable Water Evaporation Induced by Human Perspiration and Respiration in Megacities: Quantifying Method and Case Study in Beijing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-15, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:14:p:8638-:d:863969
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jinjun Zhou & Jiahong Liu & Qi Chu & Hao Wang & Weiwei Shao & Zhuoran Luo & Yongxiang Zhang, 2021. "Mechanisms and Empirical Modeling of Evaporation from Hardened Surfaces in Urban Areas," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-13, February.
    2. Xuanxuan Xia & Hongchang Li & Xujuan Kuang & Jack Strauss, 2021. "Spatial–Temporal Features of Coordination Relationship between Regional Urbanization and Rail Transit—A Case Study of Beijing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-30, December.
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