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Methylation in the Promoter Region of the Dopamine Transporter DAT1 Gene in People Addicted to Nicotine

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  • Jolanta Chmielowiec

    (Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland)

  • Krzysztof Chmielowiec

    (Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland)

  • Aleksandra Strońska-Pluta

    (Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland)

  • Aleksandra Suchanecka

    (Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland)

  • Kinga Humińska-Lisowska

    (Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland)

  • Milena Lachowicz

    (Department of Psychology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland)

  • Marta Niewczas

    (Faculty of Physical Education, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland)

  • Monika Białecka

    (Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland)

  • Małgorzata Śmiarowska

    (Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland)

  • Anna Grzywacz

    (Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland)

Abstract

The dopaminergic system is a crucial element of the addiction processes. The dopamine transporter modulates the dynamics and levels of released dopamine in the synaptic cleft. Therefore, regulation of dopamine transporter ( DAT1 ) gene expression is critical for maintaining homeostasis in the dopaminergic system. The aim of our study is evaluation of the methylation status of 33 CpG islands located in the DAT1 gene promoter region related to nicotine dependency. We investigated 142 nicotine-dependent subjects and 238 controls. Our results show that as many as 14 of the 33 CpG islands tested had statistically significantly higher methylation in the nicotine-dependent group compared to the control group. After applying Bonferroni correction, the total number of methylation sites was also significantly higher in the dependent subjects group. The analysis of the methylation status of particular CpG sites revealed a new direction of research regarding the biological aspects of nicotine addiction.

Suggested Citation

  • Jolanta Chmielowiec & Krzysztof Chmielowiec & Aleksandra Strońska-Pluta & Aleksandra Suchanecka & Kinga Humińska-Lisowska & Milena Lachowicz & Marta Niewczas & Monika Białecka & Małgorzata Śmiarowska , 2022. "Methylation in the Promoter Region of the Dopamine Transporter DAT1 Gene in People Addicted to Nicotine," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-12, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:14:p:8602-:d:863046
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Anna Grzywacz & Aleksandra Suchanecka & Jolanta Chmielowiec & Krzysztof Chmielowiec & Kamila Szumilas & Jolanta Masiak & Łukasz Balwicki & Monika Michałowska-Sawczyn & Grzegorz Trybek, 2020. "Personality Traits or Genetic Determinants—Which Strongly Influences E-Cigarette Users?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-15, January.
    2. World Health Organization, 2021. "WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2021: addressing new and emerging products," University of California at San Francisco, Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education qt0014f8hx, Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, UC San Francisco.
    3. Laura De Nardi & Valentina Carpentieri & Esterina Pascale & Mariangela Pucci & Claudio D'Addario & Luca Cerniglia & Walter Adriani & Silvia Cimino, 2020. "Involvement of DAT1 Gene on Internet Addiction: Cross-Correlations of Methylation Levels in 5′-UTR and 3’-UTR Genotypes, Interact with Impulsivity and Attachment-Driven Quality of Relationships," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-11, October.
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    Keywords

    DAT1 gene; promoter methylation; nicotine addiction;
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