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Loud Music and Leisure Noise Is a Common Cause of Chronic Hearing Loss, Tinnitus and Hyperacusis

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  • Martin Pienkowski

    (Osborne College of Audiology, Salus University, Elkins Park, PA 19027, USA)

Abstract

High sound levels capable of permanently damaging the ear are experienced not only in factories and war zones but in concert halls, nightclubs, sports stadiums, and many other leisure environments. This review summarizes evidence that loud music and other forms of “leisure noise” are common causes of noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, and hyperacusis, even if audiometric thresholds initially remain within clinically normal limits. Given the huge global burden of preventable noise-induced hearing loss, noise limits should be adopted in a much broader range of settings, and education to promote hearing conservation should be a higher public health priority.

Suggested Citation

  • Martin Pienkowski, 2021. "Loud Music and Leisure Noise Is a Common Cause of Chronic Hearing Loss, Tinnitus and Hyperacusis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-19, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:8:p:4236-:d:537479
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Arianna Di Stadio & Laura Dipietro & Giampietro Ricci & Antonio Della Volpe & Antonio Minni & Antonio Greco & Marco De Vincentiis & Massimo Ralli, 2018. "Hearing Loss, Tinnitus, Hyperacusis, and Diplacusis in Professional Musicians: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-14, September.
    2. David Welch & Guy Fremaux, 2017. "Why Do People Like Loud Sound? A Qualitative Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-16, August.
    3. Vogel, L. & Verschuure, H. & Van Der Ploeg, C.P.B. & Brug, J. & Raat, H., 2010. "Estimating adolescent risk for hearing loss based on data from a large school-based survey," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 100(6), pages 1095-1100.
    4. Piers Dawes & Richard Emsley & Karen J Cruickshanks & David R Moore & Heather Fortnum & Mark Edmondson-Jones & Abby McCormack & Kevin J Munro, 2015. "Hearing Loss and Cognition: The Role of Hearing Aids, Social Isolation and Depression," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(3), pages 1-9, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Luca Fredianelli & Peter Lercher & Gaetano Licitra, 2022. "New Indicators for the Assessment and Prevention of Noise Nuisance," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-5, October.
    2. Ricardo Moreno & Francesco Bianco & Stefano Carpita & Alessandro Monticelli & Luca Fredianelli & Gaetano Licitra, 2023. "Adjusted Controlled Pass-By (CPB) Method for Urban Road Traffic Noise Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-17, March.

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