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Neurological Sequelae in Patients with COVID-19: A Histopathological Perspective

Author

Listed:
  • Francesco Fisicaro

    (Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
    Equal contribution (in either order).)

  • Mario Di Napoli

    (Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, San Camillo de’ Lellis General Hospital, Viale Kennedy 1, 02100 Rieti, Italy
    Equal contribution (in either order).
    Currently, at the Neurological Service, SS. Annunziata Hospital, Viale Mazzini 110, 67039 Sulmona, Italy.)

  • Aldo Liberto

    (Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy)

  • Martina Fanella

    (Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, San Camillo de’ Lellis General Hospital, Viale Kennedy 1, 02100 Rieti, Italy)

  • Flavio Di Stasio

    (Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit Cesena-Forlì, Bufalini Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Viale Ghirotti 286, 47521 Cesena, Italy)

  • Manuela Pennisi

    (Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy)

  • Rita Bella

    (Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy)

  • Giuseppe Lanza

    (Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgery Specialties, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
    Department of Neurology IC, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 78, 94018 Troina, Italy
    Equal contribution (in either order).)

  • Gelsomina Mansueto

    (Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
    Equal contribution (in either order).)

Abstract

Background: Neuroinvasive properties of SARS-CoV-2 have allowed the hypothesis of several pathogenic mechanisms related to acute and chronic neurological sequelae. However, neuropathological correlates have been poorly systematically investigated, being retrieved from reports of single case or limited case series still. Methods: A PubMed search was carried out to review all publications on autopsy in subjects with “COronaVIrus Disease-19” (COVID-19). Among them, we focused on histological findings of the brain, which were compared with those from the authors’ autoptic studies performed in some COVID-19 patients. Results: Only seven studies reported histological evidence of brain pathology in patients deceased for COVID-19, including three with reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction evidence of viral infection. All these studies, in line with our experience, showed vascular-related and infection-related secondary inflammatory tissue damage due to an abnormal immune response. It is still unclear, however, whether these findings are the effect of a direct viral pathology or rather reflect a non-specific consequence of cardiovascular and pulmonary disease on the brain. Conclusions: Notwithstanding the limited evidence available and the heterogeneity of the studies, we provide a preliminary description of the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and brain sequelae. Systematic autoptic investigations are needed for accurate detection and adequate management of these patients.

Suggested Citation

  • Francesco Fisicaro & Mario Di Napoli & Aldo Liberto & Martina Fanella & Flavio Di Stasio & Manuela Pennisi & Rita Bella & Giuseppe Lanza & Gelsomina Mansueto, 2021. "Neurological Sequelae in Patients with COVID-19: A Histopathological Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-16, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:4:p:1415-:d:492680
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michael Marshall, 2020. "The lasting misery of coronavirus long-haulers," Nature, Nature, vol. 585(7825), pages 339-341, September.
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    1. Gabriele Melegari & Veronica Rivi & Gabriele Zelent & Vincenzo Nasillo & Elena De Santis & Alessandra Melegari & Claudia Bevilacqua & Michele Zoli & Stefano Meletti & Alberto Barbieri, 2021. "Mild to Severe Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19: Cases Reports," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-10, April.

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