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Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Sleep and Self-Regulation in Spanish Preschoolers during the COVID-19 Lockdown

Author

Listed:
  • Alicia M. Alonso-Martínez

    (Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31006 Pamplona, Spain)

  • Robinson Ramírez-Vélez

    (Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
    Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain)

  • Yesenia García-Alonso

    (Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain)

  • Mikel Izquierdo

    (Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
    Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
    Authors contributed equally.)

  • Antonio García-Hermoso

    (Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
    Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, 71783-5 Santiago, Chile
    Authors contributed equally.)

Abstract

Background: A better understanding of the effects of the lockdown on lifestyle behaviors may help to guide the public health response to COVID-19 at a national level and to update the global strategy to respond COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on device-measured physical activity (PA), sedentary time, sleep and self-regulation; and to determine whether PA and sleep are related to self-regulation problems during the lockdown. Methods: PA, sedentary time and sleep were assessed using accelerometry in the week in which the Spanish national state of alarm was declared ( n = 21). Parents reported preschooler’s self-regulation difficulties (internalizing and externalizing) before ( n = 268) and during the lockdown ( n = 157) by a validated questionnaire. Results: Preschoolers showed a decrease in total PA (mean difference [MD] = −43.3 min per day, 95% CI −68.1 to −18.5), sleep efficiency (MD = −2.09%, 95% CI −4.12 to −0.05), an increase in sedentary time (MD = 50.2 min per day, 95% CI 17.1 to 83.3) internalizing (MD = 0.17, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.28) and externalizing (MD = 0.33, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.44) problems. Preschoolers who met the World Health Organization recommendations for PA had lower internalizing scores than non-active peers (MD = −1.28, 95% CI −2.53 to −0.03). Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of meeting PA recommendations to reduce psychosocial difficulties during a lockdown situation.

Suggested Citation

  • Alicia M. Alonso-Martínez & Robinson Ramírez-Vélez & Yesenia García-Alonso & Mikel Izquierdo & Antonio García-Hermoso, 2021. "Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Sleep and Self-Regulation in Spanish Preschoolers during the COVID-19 Lockdown," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-8, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:2:p:693-:d:480647
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Christine Delisle Nyström & Christina Alexandrou & Maria Henström & Ellinor Nilsson & Anthony D. Okely & Serina Wehbe El Masri & Marie Löf, 2020. "International Study of Movement Behaviors in the Early Years (SUNRISE): Results from SUNRISE Sweden’s Pilot and COVID-19 Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-12, November.
    2. José Francisco López-Gil & Xavier Oriol-Granado & Mikel Izquierdo & Robinson Ramírez-Vélez & Omar Fernández-Vergara & Jordi Olloquequi & Antonio García-Hermoso, 2020. "Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and Their Association with Self-Regulation in Chilean Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-10, August.
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    1. Osama Aljuhani & Rola Alsuwailem & Abdulelah Al-Salawi & Gavin Sandercock, 2022. "Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Primary School Children in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Association with Parents’ Behaviors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-14, October.
    2. Oliver Ramos Álvarez & Víctor Arufe Giráldez & David Cantarero Prieto & Alba Ibáñez García, 2021. "Changes in Physical Fitness, Dietary Habits and Family Habits for Spanish Children during SARS-CoV-2 Lockdown," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-17, December.
    3. Ann Pulling Kuhn & Alysse J. Kowalski & Yan Wang & Rachel Deitch & Helina Selam & Zahra Rahmaty & Maureen M. Black & Erin R. Hager, 2021. "On the Move or Barely Moving? Age-Related Changes in Physical Activity, Sedentary, and Sleep Behaviors by Weekday/Weekend Following Pandemic Control Policies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-9, December.
    4. Kathrin Wunsch & Korbinian Kienberger & Claudia Niessner, 2022. "Changes in Physical Activity Patterns Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-48, February.
    5. Shu-Yu Cheng & Hsia-Ling Tai & Tsung-Teng Wang, 2023. "Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Children’s Fundamental Motor Skills: A Study for the Taiwanese Preschoolers Teachers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(18), pages 1-12, September.
    6. Tadashi Ito & Hideshi Sugiura & Yuji Ito & Sho Narahara & Koji Noritake & Daiki Takahashi & Kentaro Natsume & Nobuhiko Ochi, 2022. "Physical Functions among Children before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Longitudinal Observational Study (Stage 1)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-11, September.
    7. Amie B. Richards & Masoumeh Minou & Michael P. Sheldrick & Nils Swindell & Lucy J. Griffiths & Joanne Hudson & Gareth Stratton, 2022. "A Socioecological Perspective of How Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour at Home Changed during the First Lockdown of COVID-19 Restrictions: The HomeSPACE Project," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-14, April.
    8. Emanuele Caroppo & Marianna Mazza & Alessandra Sannella & Giuseppe Marano & Carla Avallone & Angelo Emilio Claro & Delfina Janiri & Lorenzo Moccia & Luigi Janiri & Gabriele Sani, 2021. "Will Nothing Be the Same Again?: Changes in Lifestyle during COVID-19 Pandemic and Consequences on Mental Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-8, August.

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