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Participation Profile of Children and Youth, Aged 6–14, with and without ADHD, and the Impact of Environmental Factors

Author

Listed:
  • Tair Shabat

    (School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91240, Israel)

  • Haya Fogel-Grinvald

    (School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91240, Israel)

  • Dana Anaby

    (School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y5, Canada)

  • Anat Golos

    (School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91240, Israel)

Abstract

Background: Children and youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may experience difficulties in participation, but few studies examine their participation and the environmental factors affecting participation. This study explored the participation and the environmental factors of children and youth, with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in the following three settings: home, school, and community. Materials and Methods: Parents of 65 participants aged 6–14 (M = 9.91, SD = 1.87) with and without ADHD completed the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY) questionnaire, which evaluates participation and environmental factors, along with demographic and screening questionnaires. Results: The ADHD group ( n = 31) scored significantly lower than the non-ADHD group ( n = 34) in “frequency” at home, “involvement”, and overall environmental support in all settings, with parents expressing a greater desire to change their child’s home and community participation. For the ADHD group, a relationship was found between environmental support and involvement in all three settings. Conclusions: The findings demonstrated differences in the participation of children and youth with ADHD across different settings, compared to those without ADHD, and confirmed the effect of environmental factors on participation, especially involvement. It is essential to consider participation measures and environmental factors when designing interventions for children and youth with ADHD.

Suggested Citation

  • Tair Shabat & Haya Fogel-Grinvald & Dana Anaby & Anat Golos, 2021. "Participation Profile of Children and Youth, Aged 6–14, with and without ADHD, and the Impact of Environmental Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:2:p:537-:d:478152
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Köse, Barkın & Ersoy, Kübra & Toğa, Halim & Güler, Emine Cansu & Kara, Özgün Kaya & Çelik, Cihat & Pekçetin, Serkan, 2025. "Examining of participation, support and barrier of children with and without maltreatment: A cross-sectional study with caregiver perspective," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    2. Sanna Tiikkaja & Ylva Tindberg, 2021. "Poor School-Related Well-Being among Adolescents with Disabilities or ADHD," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-11, December.

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