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Development and Validation of the Depression Inventory for Type 1 Diabetes (DID-1)

Author

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  • Mónica Carreira

    (Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
    Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain)

  • María Soledad Ruiz de Adana

    (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
    Clinical Management Unit of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Regional University Hospital, 29010 Málaga, Spain
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • Marta Domínguez

    (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
    Clinical Management Unit of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Regional University Hospital, 29010 Málaga, Spain
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • Sergio Valdés

    (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
    Clinical Management Unit of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Regional University Hospital, 29010 Málaga, Spain
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • Maria Cruz Almaraz

    (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
    Clinical Management Unit of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Regional University Hospital, 29010 Málaga, Spain
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • Gabriel Olveira

    (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
    Clinical Management Unit of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Regional University Hospital, 29010 Málaga, Spain
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • María Teresa Anarte

    (Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
    Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain)

Abstract

People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are more likely to have depression than the general population and their prognosis is worse. Unfortunately, the characteristics of persons with T1D lead to inadequate screening for depression in this population. To aid in the detection of depression in this population, this study was undertaken to develop a depressive symptoms assessment instrument specific to patients with T1D and to examine its psychometric properties. A total of 207 people with T1D participated in this study. The reliability of the new scale was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and the Spearman-Brown split-half coefficient. The Depression Inventory for type 1 Diabetes (DID-1), composed of 45 items on a Likert scale (1–7), shows high internal and temporal consistency, as well as adequate concurrent, convergent and discriminant validity. Factor analysis identified 7 factors (Symptoms of depression, Diminished interest, Hopelessness and dissatisfaction, Guilt, Fear, frustration and irritability, Defenselessness, and Interference in daily life) that explained 61.612% of the total variability. The cut-off score for diagnosis was set at 155 points. It was concluded that the DID-1 scale is a reliable, valid and useful tool for the assessment of depressive symptoms, eliminating the bias of other nonspecific diabetes scales.

Suggested Citation

  • Mónica Carreira & María Soledad Ruiz de Adana & Marta Domínguez & Sergio Valdés & Maria Cruz Almaraz & Gabriel Olveira & María Teresa Anarte, 2021. "Development and Validation of the Depression Inventory for Type 1 Diabetes (DID-1)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-16, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:23:p:12529-:d:690027
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. L J van der Donk & J Fleer & R Sanderman & P M G Emmelkamp & T P Links & K A Tovote & M J Schroevers, 2019. "Is type of depressive symptoms associated with patient-perceived need for professional psychological care in depressed individuals with diabetes?," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(2), pages 1-11, February.
    2. Jasmin Schabert & Jessica Browne & Kylie Mosely & Jane Speight, 2013. "Social Stigma in Diabetes," The Patient: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Springer;International Academy of Health Preference Research, vol. 6(1), pages 1-10, March.
    3. Johanna W de Joode & Susan EM van Dijk & Florine S Walburg & Judith E Bosmans & Harm WJ van Marwijk & Michiel R de Boer & Maurits W van Tulder & Marcel C Adriaanse, 2019. "Diagnostic accuracy of depression questionnaires in adult patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(6), pages 1-16, June.
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