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Evidence and Therapeutic Perspectives in the Relationship between the Oral Microbiome and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review

Author

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  • Yoann Maitre

    (Emergency Department, Montpellier University Hospital, 34090 Montpellier, France
    EA 2415, Aide à la Décision pour une Médecine Personnalisée, Université de Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France)

  • Rachid Mahalli

    (Department of Odontology, Tours University Hospital, 37000 Tours, France)

  • Pierre Micheneau

    (Department of Odontology, Tours University Hospital, 37000 Tours, France)

  • Alexis Delpierre

    (Department of Odontology, Tours University Hospital, 37000 Tours, France)

  • Gilles Amador

    (Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 44000 Nantes, France)

  • Frédéric Denis

    (Department of Odontology, Tours University Hospital, 37000 Tours, France
    Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 44000 Nantes, France
    EA 75-05 Education, Ethique, Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université François-Rabelais, 37044 Tours, France)

Abstract

This review aims to clarify the nature of the link between Alzheimer’s disease and the oral microbiome on an epidemiological and pathophysiological level, as well as to highlight new therapeutic perspectives that contribute to the management of this disease. We performed a systematic review, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews checklist, from January 2000 to July 2021. The terms “plaque,” “saliva,” and “mouth” were associated with the search term “oral diseases” and used in combination with the Boolean operator “AND”/“OR”. We included experimental or clinical studies and excluded conferences, abstracts, reviews, and editorials. A total of 27 articles were selected. Evidence for the impact of the oral microbiome on the pathophysiological and immunoinflammatory mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease is accumulating. The impact of the oral microbiome on the development of AD opens the door to complementary therapies such as phototherapy and/or the use of prebiotic compounds and probiotic strains for global or targeted modulation of the oral microbiome in order to have a favourable influence on the evolution of this pathology in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Yoann Maitre & Rachid Mahalli & Pierre Micheneau & Alexis Delpierre & Gilles Amador & Frédéric Denis, 2021. "Evidence and Therapeutic Perspectives in the Relationship between the Oral Microbiome and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-24, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:21:p:11157-:d:663487
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chih-Chuan Pan & Che-Sheng Chu & Chien-Liang Chen & Yao-Chung Chuang & Nai-Ching Chen, 2021. "Factors Affecting Rapid Cognitive Decline in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-13, August.
    2. Sherry Shiqian Gao & Chun Hung Chu & Fanny Yuk Fun Young, 2020. "Oral Health and Care for Elderly People with Alzheimer’s Disease," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-8, August.
    3. Yi-Qian Sun & Rebecca C Richmond & Yue Chen & Xiao-Mei Mai, 2020. "Mixed evidence for the relationship between periodontitis and Alzheimer’s disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, January.
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    1. Florence Carrouel & Denis Bourgeois & Céline Clément & Delphine Tardivo & Prescilla Martinon & Sébastien Guiral & Romain Lan & Stéphane Viennot & Claude Dussart & Laurie Fraticelli, 2022. "Oral-Hygiene-Related Mobile Apps in the French App Stores: Assessment of Functionality and Quality," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-14, June.

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