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The Impact of ABO Blood Grouping on COVID-19 Vulnerability and Seriousness: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Controlled Study among the Arab Community

Author

Listed:
  • Nagla A. El-Shitany

    (Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt)

  • Manal El-Hamamsy

    (Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt)

  • Ahlam A. Alahmadi

    (Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Basma G. Eid

    (Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Thikryat Neamatallah

    (Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Haifa S. Almukadi

    (Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Rana A. Arab

    (Medicine Program, Ibn Sina National Faculty for Medical Studies, Jeddah 22421, Saudi Arabia)

  • Khadija A. Faddladdeen

    (Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Khayria A. Al-Sulami

    (Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts in Al-Makhwah, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 65511, Saudi Arabia)

  • Safia M. Bahshwan

    (Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 65511, Saudi Arabia)

  • Soad S. Ali

    (Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt)

  • Steve Harakeh

    (Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin

    (Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt)

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Studies have noted that some ABO blood types are more susceptible to COVID-19 virus infection. This study aimed to further confirm the relationship between different blood groups on the vulnerability, symptoms, cure period, and severity among COVID-19 recovered patients. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study approached the participants from the Arab community via social media (mainly Facebook and WhatsApp). The data were collected through two Google Form questionnaires, one for COVID-19 recovered patients (COVID-19 group, n = 726), and the other for the healthy people (Control group, n = 707). Results: The subjects with blood group O were the least likely to be infected with the COVID-19 virus, while those with blood group A were not likely to be the most susceptible. There were significant differences among different ABO blood groups regarding the distribution of oxygen saturation percentage, myalgia, and recovery time after COVID-19 infection ( p < 0.01, 0.01, and 0.05, respectively). The blood group A showed the highest percentage of patients who experienced an oxygen saturation range of 90–100%, whereas the blood group O showed the highest percentage of patients who experienced an oxygen saturation range of 70–80%. The blood group A showed the lowest percentage of patients who required artificial respiration, whereas the blood group O showed the highest percentage of patients who required artificial respiration. The blood group B showed the lowest percentage of patients who experienced myalgia and exhibited the lowest percentage of patients who needed 3 weeks or more to recover. Conclusion: The people of blood group O may be the least likely to be infected with COVID-19, however, they may be the more in need of treatment in hospital and artificial respiration compared to the other blood groups.

Suggested Citation

  • Nagla A. El-Shitany & Manal El-Hamamsy & Ahlam A. Alahmadi & Basma G. Eid & Thikryat Neamatallah & Haifa S. Almukadi & Rana A. Arab & Khadija A. Faddladdeen & Khayria A. Al-Sulami & Safia M. Bahshwan , 2021. "The Impact of ABO Blood Grouping on COVID-19 Vulnerability and Seriousness: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Controlled Study among the Arab Community," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-19, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:1:p:276-:d:473603
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michael Zietz & Jason Zucker & Nicholas P. Tatonetti, 2020. "Associations between blood type and COVID-19 infection, intubation, and death," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-6, December.
    2. Wenhui Li & Michael J. Moore & Natalya Vasilieva & Jianhua Sui & Swee Kee Wong & Michael A. Berne & Mohan Somasundaran & John L. Sullivan & Katherine Luzuriaga & Thomas C. Greenough & Hyeryun Choe & M, 2003. "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus," Nature, Nature, vol. 426(6965), pages 450-454, November.
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    1. Nkiruka Nnoyelum Oduukwe & Oliver Ezechi & Gregory Ohihoin & Ngozi Mirabel Otuonye & Mercy Mayowa Ojetunde & Iwalokun Bamidele & Joy Boluwatife Ayoola & Babatunde Lawal Salako & Adeola Oladunni Adebay, 2022. "ABO Blood Group Profile Frequencies and Relationship in COVID-19 Disease Susceptibility and Severity in Lagos, Nigeria," Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, Biomedical Research Network+, LLC, vol. 41(4), pages 32942-32948, February.

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