IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i17p9297-d628215.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

How Does Time Spent Working in Custody Influence Health and Fitness Characteristics of Law Enforcement Officers?

Author

Listed:
  • Robert G. Lockie

    (Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92835, USA)

  • Karly A. Rodas

    (Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92835, USA)

  • J. Jay Dawes

    (School of Kinesiology, Applied Health and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA)

  • Joseph M. Dulla

    (Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4229, Australia)

  • Robin M. Orr

    (Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4229, Australia)

  • Matthew R. Moreno

    (Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92835, USA)

Abstract

This study investigated the influence of time spent working in custody on the health and fitness of law enforcement officers (LEOs). Retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 48 male and 12 female LEOs, divided into groups based upon time spent working custody: LEO ≤ 24 (≤24 months; n = 15); LEO 2547 (25–47 months; n = 24); and LEO 48+ (≥48 months; n = 21). The following were measured: body mass index (BMI); fat mass percentage; waist-to-hip ratio (WHR); resting heart rate (RHR); blood pressure; grip strength; sit-and-reach; push-ups; sit-ups; and YMCA step test recovery heart rate (HR). A univariate ANCOVA (controlling for sex and age) with Bonferroni post hoc determined significant between-group differences. Select assessments were compared to normative data. The LEO 48+ group completed fewer sit-ups than the LEO 2547 group ( p = 0.006); there were no other significant between-group differences. Forty-nine LEOs were overweight or obese according to BMI; 52 were fatter than average or above; 27 had a WHR that increased cardiovascular disease risk. Forty-three LEOs had very poor RHR; 52 had elevated blood pressure. Forty-eight LEOs had average-to-very poor step test recovery HR. Irrespective of time spent working in custody, personnel should be physically active to maintain health and fitness and, where possible, engage in formal strength training and conditioning.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert G. Lockie & Karly A. Rodas & J. Jay Dawes & Joseph M. Dulla & Robin M. Orr & Matthew R. Moreno, 2021. "How Does Time Spent Working in Custody Influence Health and Fitness Characteristics of Law Enforcement Officers?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-17, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:17:p:9297-:d:628215
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/17/9297/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/17/9297/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Robert G. Lockie & Robin M. Orr & Matthew R. Moreno & J. Jay Dawes & Joseph M. Dulla, 2019. "Time Spent Working in Custody Influences Work Sample Test Battery Performance of Deputy Sheriffs Compared to Recruits," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-12, March.
    2. Robert G. Lockie & J. Jay Dawes & Katherine Balfany & Ciara E. Gonzales & Maria M. Beitzel & Joseph M. Dulla & Robin M. Orr, 2018. "Physical Fitness Characteristics That Relate to Work Sample Test Battery Performance in Law Enforcement Recruits," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-12, November.
    3. Robin Orr & Rodney Pope & Michael Stierli & Benjamin Hinton, 2017. "Grip Strength and Its Relationship to Police Recruit Task Performance and Injury Risk: A Retrospective Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-11, August.
    4. Matthew R. Moreno & Karly A. Rodas & Ashley M. Bloodgood & J. Jay Dawes & Joseph M. Dulla & Robin M. Orr & Robert G. Lockie, 2020. "The Influence of Aerobic Fitness on Heart Rate Responses of Custody Assistant Recruits during Circuit Training Sessions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-13, November.
    5. Robert G. Lockie & Katherine Balfany & Ashley M. Bloodgood & Matthew R. Moreno & Karly A. Cesario & Joseph M. Dulla & J. Jay Dawes & Robin M. Orr, 2019. "The Influence of Physical Fitness on Reasons for Academy Separation in Law Enforcement Recruits," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-13, January.
    6. Robin M. Orr & Filip Kukić & Aleksandar Čvorović & Nenad Koropanovski & Radivoje Janković & Jay Dawes & Robert Lockie, 2019. "Associations between Fitness Measures and Change of Direction Speeds with and without Occupational Loads in Female Police Officers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-9, June.
    7. Robert G. Lockie & J. Jay Dawes & Matthew R. Moreno & Megan B. McGuire & Tomas J. Ruvalcaba & Ashley M. Bloodgood & Joseph M. Dulla & Robin M. Orr, 2020. "We Need You: Influence of Hiring Demand and Modified Applicant Testing on the Physical Fitness of Law Enforcement Recruits," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-12, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Luiz Rezende & Rodolfo A. Dellagrana & Luiz Gustavo Rodrigues Oliveira-Santos & Arthur Duarte Fantesia Costa Cruz & Maycon Felipe da Silva Mota & Christianne F. Coelho-Ravagnani, 2022. "Physical Performance of Brazilian Military Policemen: A Longitudinal Analysis by Occupational Specialties," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-15, December.
    2. Robert G. Lockie & Joseph M. Dulla & Daniel Higuera & Kristina A. Ross & Robin M. Orr & J. Jay Dawes & Tomas J. Ruvalcaba, 2022. "Body Composition and Fitness Characteristics of Firefighters Participating in a Health and Wellness Program: Relationships and Descriptive Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-18, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zacharias Papadakis & Andreas Stamatis & Filip Kukic & Nenad Koropanovski, 2021. "Moving Past the One-Size-Fits-All Education-Training Model of Police Academies to the Self-Prescribed Individualized Exercise Prescription Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-19, November.
    2. Filip Kukić & Robert G. Lockie & Ana Vesković & Nikola Petrović & Dane Subošić & Danijela Spasić & Darko Paspalj & Lazar Vulin & Nenad Koropanovski, 2020. "Perceived and Measured Physical Fitness of Police Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-12, October.
    3. Matthew R. Moreno & Karly A. Rodas & Ashley M. Bloodgood & J. Jay Dawes & Joseph M. Dulla & Robin M. Orr & Robert G. Lockie, 2020. "The Influence of Aerobic Fitness on Heart Rate Responses of Custody Assistant Recruits during Circuit Training Sessions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-13, November.
    4. Robert G. Lockie & J. Jay Dawes & Matthew R. Moreno & Megan B. McGuire & Tomas J. Ruvalcaba & Ashley M. Bloodgood & Joseph M. Dulla & Robin M. Orr, 2020. "We Need You: Influence of Hiring Demand and Modified Applicant Testing on the Physical Fitness of Law Enforcement Recruits," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-12, October.
    5. Robert G. Lockie & Robin M. Orr & Matthew R. Moreno & J. Jay Dawes & Joseph M. Dulla, 2019. "Time Spent Working in Custody Influences Work Sample Test Battery Performance of Deputy Sheriffs Compared to Recruits," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-12, March.
    6. Filip Kukić & Robin Orr & Milan Marković & J. Jay Dawes & Aleksandar Čvorović & Nenad Koropanovski, 2022. "Factorial and Construct Validity of Sit-Up Test of Different Durations to Assess Muscular Endurance of Police Students," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-9, October.
    7. Ian Bonder & Andrew Shim & Robert G. Lockie & Tara Ruppert, 2021. "A Preliminary Investigation: Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Occupational Specific Training Program to Improve Lower Body Strength and Speed for Law Enforcement Officers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-9, July.
    8. Sally Sawyer & Ben Schram & Rodney Pope & Robin Orr, 2021. "Profiling the Injuries Sustained by Police Trainees Undergoing Initial Training: A Retrospective Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-11, July.
    9. Robert G. Lockie & Robin M. Orr & J. Jay Dawes, 2022. "Justified Concerns? An Exploration of the Leg Tuck in a Tactical Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-14, October.
    10. Danny Maupin & Ben Schram & Elisa F. D. Canetti & Joseph M. Dulla & J. Jay Dawes & Robert G. Lockie & Robin M. Orr, 2022. "Profiling the Typical Training Load of a Law Enforcement Recruit Class," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-15, October.
    11. Robert G. Lockie & Robin M. Orr & J. Jay Dawes, 2022. "Fit (and Healthy) for Duty: Blood Lipid Profiles and Physical Fitness Test Relationships from Police Officers in a Health and Wellness Program," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-17, April.
    12. Vini Simas & Ben Schram & Elisa F. D. Canetti & Danny Maupin & Robin Orr, 2022. "Factors Influencing Marksmanship in Police Officers: A Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-19, October.
    13. Megan Sax van der Weyden & Christopher D. Black & Daniel Larson & Brian Rollberg & Jason A. Campbell, 2021. "Development of a Fitness Test Battery for Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) Operators—A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-11, July.
    14. Ben Schram & Jeremy Robinson & Robin Orr, 2020. "The Physical Fitness Effects of a Week-Long Specialist Tactical Police Selection Course," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-12, September.
    15. Mª Helena Vila & Iris M. de Oliveira & Francisco J. Burgos-Martos & Angel Martín-Pinadero & Irimia Mollinedo-Cardalda & José M. Cancela-Carral, 2022. "Do the Lower Body Strength Assessment Tests in the Spanish Navy Really Measure What They Purport to Measure?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-8, December.
    16. Filip Kukić & Katie M. Heinrich & Nenad Koropanovski & Gianpiero Greco & Stefania Cataldi & Milivoj Dopsaj, 2022. "Body Composition and Physical Activity of Female Police Officers: Do Occupation and Age Matter?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-9, August.
    17. Robert G. Lockie & Joseph M. Dulla & Daniel Higuera & Kristina A. Ross & Robin M. Orr & J. Jay Dawes & Tomas J. Ruvalcaba, 2022. "Body Composition and Fitness Characteristics of Firefighters Participating in a Health and Wellness Program: Relationships and Descriptive Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-18, November.
    18. Jessica Strader & Ben Schram & Shane Irving & Jeremy Robinson & Robin Orr, 2020. "Special Weapons and Tactics Occupational-Specific Physical Assessments and Fitness Measures," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-14, November.
    19. Robin Orr & Takato Sakurai & Jordan Scott & Jason Movshovich & J. Jay Dawes & Robert Lockie & Ben Schram, 2021. "The Use of Fitness Testing to Predict Occupational Performance in Tactical Personnel: A Critical Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-15, July.
    20. Justin J. Merrigan & Jason D. Stone & Andrew G. Thompson & W. Guy Hornsby & Joshua A. Hagen, 2020. "Monitoring Neuromuscular Performance in Military Personnel," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-26, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:17:p:9297-:d:628215. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.