IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i17p9243-d627373.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on ICU Healthcare Professionals: A Mixed Methods Study

Author

Listed:
  • Cristina Moreno-Mulet

    (Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
    Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IDISBA), 07120 Palma, Spain)

  • Noemí Sansó

    (Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
    Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IDISBA), 07120 Palma, Spain)

  • Alba Carrero-Planells

    (Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain)

  • Camelia López-Deflory

    (Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain)

  • Laura Galiana

    (Department of Methodology for the Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia, 46003 Valencia, Spain)

  • Patricia García-Pazo

    (Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
    Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IDISBA), 07120 Palma, Spain)

  • Maria Magdalena Borràs-Mateu

    (Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain)

  • Margalida Miró-Bonet

    (Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
    Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IDISBA), 07120 Palma, Spain)

Abstract

The large numbers of patients admitted to intensive care units due to COVID-19 has had a major impact on healthcare professionals. The incidence of mental health disorders among these professionals has increased considerably and their professional quality of life has suffered during the pandemic. This study aims to explore the impact of the provision of COVID-19 patient care on ICU healthcare professionals. A mixed methods study with an exploratory concurrent design was conducted between June and November 2020 in the Balearic Islands, Spain. Data were collected using a self-report online survey ( n = 122) based on three validated questionnaires, and individual semi-structured in-depth online interviews ( n = 11). Respondents scored 2.5 out of 5 on the moral distress scale, moderate/high on the compassion satisfaction scale, and moderate on the burnout and compassion fatigue subscales. Age was significantly and negatively related to professional quality of life but was positively related to workload and unavailability of protective equipment. Three main groups of themes relating to the impact of the pandemic emerged from the in-depth interviews: (a) clinical, (b) professional, and (c) personal and family impacts in the two waves. ICU healthcare professionals should be viewed as second victims of the COVID-19 pandemic as they have suffered significant psychological, professional, and moral harm.

Suggested Citation

  • Cristina Moreno-Mulet & Noemí Sansó & Alba Carrero-Planells & Camelia López-Deflory & Laura Galiana & Patricia García-Pazo & Maria Magdalena Borràs-Mateu & Margalida Miró-Bonet, 2021. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on ICU Healthcare Professionals: A Mixed Methods Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-17, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:17:p:9243-:d:627373
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/17/9243/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/17/9243/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Pavani Rangachari & Jacquelynn L. Woods, 2020. "Preserving Organizational Resilience, Patient Safety, and Staff Retention during COVID-19 Requires a Holistic Consideration of the Psychological Safety of Healthcare Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-12, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jade Sheen & Elizabeth M. Clancy & Julie Considine & Alison Dwyer & Phillip Tchernegovski & Anna Aridas & Brian En Chyi Lee & Andrea Reupert & Leanne Boyd, 2022. "“Did You Bring It Home with You?” A Qualitative Investigation of the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Victorian Frontline Healthcare Workers and Their Families," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-20, April.
    2. Archontissa Maria Kanavaki & Courtney Jane Lightfoot & Jared Palmer & Thomas James Wilkinson & Alice Caroline Smith & Ceri Rhiannon Jones, 2021. "Kidney Care during COVID-19 in the UK: Perspectives of Healthcare Professionals on Impacts on Care Quality and Staff Well-Being," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-14, December.
    3. Bram P. I. Fleuren & Lieze T. Poesen & Rachel E. Gifford & Fred R. H. Zijlstra & Dirk Ruwaard & Frank C. van de Baan & Daan D. Westra, 2021. "We’re Not Gonna Fall: Depressive Complaints, Personal Resilience, Team Social Climate, and Worries about Infections among Hospital Workers during a Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-14, April.
    4. Georgia Libera Finstad & Gabriele Giorgi & Lucrezia Ginevra Lulli & Caterina Pandolfi & Giulia Foti & José M. León-Perez & Francisco J. Cantero-Sánchez & Nicola Mucci, 2021. "Resilience, Coping Strategies and Posttraumatic Growth in the Workplace Following COVID-19: A Narrative Review on the Positive Aspects of Trauma," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-25, September.
    5. Loreta Kubilienė & Aušra Griciūtė & Vilma Miglinė & Milda Kukulskienė & Aurima Stankūnienė & Nida Žemaitienė, 2021. "How Does the Assessment of Work Organization during the COVID-19 Pandemic Relate to Changes in the Well-Being of Health System Workers?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-12, August.
    6. Maddalena Grazzini & Lucrezia Ginevra Lulli & Nicola Mucci & Diana Paolini & Antonio Baldassarre & Veronica Gallinoro & Annarita Chiarelli & Fabrizio Niccolini & Giulio Arcangeli, 2022. "Return to Work of Healthcare Workers after SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Determinants of Physical and Mental Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-13, June.
    7. Olga Amberger & Angelina Müller & Dorothea Lemke & Hardy Müller & David Schwappach & Peter Wendt & Michel Wensing & Maria-Sophie Brueckle & Beate S. Müller, 2022. "Patient Safety and the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany: A Repeated Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-12, December.
    8. Abdulhakim S. Alburaidi & Ahmed M. Al-Wathinani & Mohammed M. Aljuaid & Abdullah S. Almuhaidly & Krzysztof Goniewicz, 2023. "Sustainable Resilience in Healthcare Delivery: A Comparative Study on Safety Awareness in Hospital-Based and Pre-Hospital EMS in Times of Crisis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-15, July.
    9. Robin Jungmar Ridell & Lotti Orvelius, 2023. "Quality of Life in Healthcare Workers during COVID-19—A Longitudinal Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(14), pages 1-9, July.
    10. Inge E. M. Hendrikx & Stef C. G. Vermeulen & Vera L. W. Wientjens & Remco S. Mannak, 2022. "Is Team Resilience More Than the Sum of Its Parts? A Quantitative Study on Emergency Healthcare Teams during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-14, June.
    11. Patricia Angeli da Silva Pigati & Renato Fraga Righetti & Victor Zuniga Dourado & Bruna Tiemi Cunha Nisiaymamoto & Beatriz Mangueira Saraiva-Romanholo & Iolanda de Fátima Lopes Calvo Tibério, 2022. "Resilience Improves the Quality of Life and Subjective Happiness of Physiotherapists during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-22, July.
    12. Teh-Kuang Sun & Li-Chuan Chu & Chun Hui, 2022. "The Psychological Impact and Influencing Factors during Different Waves of COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers in Central Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-11, August.
    13. Thea Paeffgen, 2022. "Organisational Resilience during COVID-19 Times: A Bibliometric Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-29, December.
    14. Ahmet Mutlu Akyüz & İbrahim Durmuş, 2022. "Investigation of Factors That May Affect the Commitment of Healthcare Professionals to Their Works During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(2), pages 21582440221, April.
    15. Stephanie Chandler-Jeanville & Rita Georges Nohra & Valerie Loizeau & Corinne Lartigue-Malgouyres & Roger Zintchem & David Naudin & Monique Rothan-Tondeur, 2021. "Perceptions and Experiences of the COVID-19 Pandemic amongst Frontline Nurses and Their Relatives in France in Six Paradoxes: A Qualitative Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-14, June.
    16. Ognjen Brborović & Hana Brborović & Leonarda Hrain, 2022. "The COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis and Patient Safety Culture: A Mixed-Method Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-14, February.
    17. Katarzyna Zebrak & Naomi Yount & Joann Sorra & Theresa Famolaro & Laura Gray & Deborah Carpenter & Andrew Caporaso, 2022. "Development, Pilot Study, and Psychometric Analysis of the AHRQ Surveys on Patient Safety Culture™ (SOPS ® ) Workplace Safety Supplemental Items for Hospitals," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-16, June.
    18. Celene Ting & Alyssa Yenyi Chan & Lai Gwen Chan & Zoe Jane-Lara Hildon, 2022. "“Well, I Signed Up to Be a Soldier; I Have Been Trained and Equipped Well”: Exploring Healthcare Workers’ Experiences during COVID-19 Organizational Changes in Singapore, from the First Wave to the Pa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-20, February.
    19. Michael Seyffert & Chunyi Wu & Gülru F. Özkan-Seely, 2024. "Insights into the Impact of Organizational Factors and Burnout on the Employees of a For-Profit Psychiatric Hospital during the Third Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(4), pages 1-18, April.
    20. Nirit Putievsky Pilosof & Michael Barrett & Eivor Oborn & Galia Barkai & Itai M. Pessach & Eyal Zimlichman, 2021. "Inpatient Telemedicine and New Models of Care during COVID-19: Hospital Design Strategies to Enhance Patient and Staff Safety," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-15, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:17:p:9243-:d:627373. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.