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Psychological Impacts and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among People under COVID-19 Quarantine and Isolation: A Global Survey

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  • TMGH-Global COVID-19 Collaborative

    (TMGH-Global COVID-19 Collaborative: Nguyen Tran Minh Duc; Shamael Thabit Mohammed Alhady; Mai Ngoc Luu; Shyam Prakash Dumre; Amr K. Hassan; Tran Van Giang; Le Van Truong; Rohanti Ravikulan; Akshay Raut; Farouq Muhammad Dayyab; Vu Thi Thu Trang; Le Quang Loc; Pham Ngoc Thach; Nguyen Tien Huy; Kamal Ranabhat; Nahida Al Habaj; Salma Elnoamany; Jeza Muhamad Abdul Aziz; Kevin Thurston Crispino; Suhir Alsuwiyah; Rangin Muhamad Hussein; Dashne Jalal Hama; Graca Jaqueline Vanessa Morena; Ian Christopher Naungayan Rocha; Dmytro Pavlenko; Hemin Fatih Hama Kareem; Rifath Jahan Antora; Andrés Sebastián Estrella Lopez; Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari; Nut Koonrungsesomboon; Chidchanok Ruengorn; Surapon Nochaiwong; Penkarn Kanjanarat; Mingkwan Na Takuathung; Samah M. elhassan; Ali Dzhemiliev; Brianda del Pilar Gómez Olvera; Md Ariful Haque; Irfan Ullah; Irida Dajti; Venkatesh U; Zair Hassan; Zakarya Salem Ahmed; Mawada fath Alrahman; Ton That Khanh; Ahmad Taysir Atieh Qarawi; Iryna Kudlatska-Tyshko; Doaa Mahmoud Eisa Sabir; Iftikhar Ali; Sze Jia Ng; Pham Trung Nghia; Mariia Pavlenko; Kirellos Said Abbas; Fatma A. Monib; Aliaa Effat Said; Shehab Fathy Ahmed; Ziad Hassan Hamed; Mariam Albatoul Nageh; Esraa Sayed; Mosa Shibani; Hlma Ismail; Mhd Amin Alzabibi; Bisher Sawaf; Hoda Aly Mohamed Omran; Chiristine Samuel Rezq; Mohamed Ibrahim Abdo Ibrahim; Marina Samy Ragheb; Jola Kërpaçi; Enxhi Vrapi; Juwie Chuah; Yi Liang Lim; Yap Siang Jee; Ahmed Hisham Mohamed Hamed; Adriana Viola Miranda; Rachel Silency Aritonang; Atsuko Imoto; Kazumi Kubota; Koji Aoki; Pradip Gyanwali; Meghnath Dhimal; Renu Bhandari Dumre; Guna Nidhi Sharma; Pallavi Koirala; Kriti Adhikari; Filipa Lucas; Joyce Nicole Pineda Ordóñez; José Tomás Ordóñez Aburto; Li Chuin Chong; Boughalem Younes; Roman Pavlenko; Somia Iqtadar; Usman Ghani; Sami Ullah Mumtaz; Asad Ali Khan. Nguyen Tien Huy is the corresponding author. Nguyen Tran Minh Duc, Shamael Thabit Mohammed Alhady, Mai Ngoc Luu, and Shyam Prakash Dumre contributed equally to this article. And the contribution details, affiliations and emails of each collaborator of TMGH-Global COVID-19 Collaborative are in Supplementary File S1.)

Abstract

Understanding the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in quarantined/isolated individuals is essential for decreasing morbidity and mortality caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a paucity of evidence quantifying PTSD status globally during confinement in quarantine/isolation facilities during COVID-19. Therefore, we aimed to assess the PTSD status and factors contributing to PTSD development in quarantined/isolated people during pandemic. Using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) scale, our multicentre, multinational, and cross-sectional online survey assessed the psychological impacts on the quarantine/isolation experience of participants suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19, their PTSD status, and various correlates with developing PTSD. We had 944 (35.33%) valid responses (51.1% from females), mostly from Asian countries (635, 71.4%), and 33.9% were healthcare workers. The number of quarantine days in the PTSD symptoms group (using the IES-R cutoff of 24 for symptomatic or full PTSD) was significantly shorter compared to the non-PTSD group (14 (range 14–40) vs. 14 (14–23.75), p = 0.031). Lower rates of PTSD symptoms were observed in participants practicing Buddhist religion than in participants having no religion (OR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.13–0.68; p = 0.005); individuals with vocational training had a higher risk of developing PTSD symptoms (OR: 2.28 (1.04–5.15); p = 0.043) compared to university graduates. Individuals forced to be quarantined/isolated had higher odds of developing PTSD symptoms than those voluntarily quarantined/isolated (OR: 2.92 (1.84–4.74); p < 0.001). We identified several PTSD correlations among individuals quarantined/isolated during the COVID-19 pandemic, including religious practice, reason for quarantine/isolation, education level, and being a case of the infection. These findings can inform worldwide policies to minimize the adverse effects of such social control measures.

Suggested Citation

  • TMGH-Global COVID-19 Collaborative, 2021. "Psychological Impacts and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among People under COVID-19 Quarantine and Isolation: A Global Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-10, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:11:p:5719-:d:562785
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Qin Xiang Ng & Donovan Yutong Lim & Kuan Tsee Chee, 2020. "Not all trauma is the same," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 117(41), pages 25200-25200, October.
    2. Mirna Fawaz & Ali Samaha, 2020. "COVID-19 quarantine: Post-traumatic stress symptomatology among Lebanese citizens," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 66(7), pages 666-674, November.
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