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A Visual Scan Analysis Protocol for Postural Assessment at School in Young Students

Author

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  • Maria E. Alves

    (Department of Sports, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
    Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal)

  • Daniel A. Marinho

    (Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
    Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal)

  • Duarte N. Carneiro

    (Department of Sports, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal)

  • Jorge Alves

    (Department of Sports, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal)

  • Pedro Forte

    (Department of Sports, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
    Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
    Department of Sports Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal)

  • Alan M. Nevill

    (Faculty of Education, Health, and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK)

  • Jorge E. Morais

    (Department of Sports, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
    Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
    Department of Sports Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the X-ray diagnosis with a non-invasive method for spine alignment assessment adopting a visual scan analysis with a plumb line and simetograph in middle-school students. The sample of this study was composed of 31 males and 50 females with an average age of 14.23 (± 3.11) years. The visual scan analysis was assessed at a school; whereas, the X-ray was performed in a hospital. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to assess the differences between methods and scoliosis classifications (non-accentuated <10º and scoliosis >10º), and the Kappa was used to assess the agreement between methods. The comparisons between the methods revealed non-significant differences (z = −0.577; p = 0.564), with almost perfect agreement between tests (K = 0.821; p < 0.001). Moreover, no statistical significance was observed between methods by the scoliosis classification (z = −1.000; p = 0.317), with almost perfect agreement between tests (K = 0.888; p < 0.001). This research supports the conclusion that there are no significant differences between the two methods. Therefore, it should be highlighted that this field test should be used by physical education teachers in their classes, or in a school context, in order to determine misalignments or scoliosis prevalence among middle-school students.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria E. Alves & Daniel A. Marinho & Duarte N. Carneiro & Jorge Alves & Pedro Forte & Alan M. Nevill & Jorge E. Morais, 2020. "A Visual Scan Analysis Protocol for Postural Assessment at School in Young Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-9, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:8:p:2915-:d:349379
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. João P. Barbosa & Mário C. Marques & Henrique P. Neiva & Dulce Esteves & Alicia M Alonso-Martínez & Mikel Izquierdo & Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo & Cristian Alvarez & Daniel A. Marinho, 2019. "Effects of Backpacks on Ground Reaction Forces in Children of Different Ages When Walking, Running, and Jumping," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Kyoungkyu Jeon & Dong-il Kim, 2018. "The Association between Low Body Weight and Scoliosis among Korean Elementary School Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-7, November.
    3. Ruben Trigueros & Marta García-Tascón & Ana M. Gallardo & Antonio Alías & José M. Aguilar-Parra, 2020. "The Influence of the Teacher’s Prosocial Skills on the Mindwandering, Creative Intelligence, Emotions, and Academic Performance of Secondary Students in the Area of Physical Education Classes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-10, February.
    4. Katarzyna Adamczewska & Marzena Wiernicka & Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko & Joanna Małecka & Jacek Lewandowski, 2019. "The Angle of Trunk Rotation in School Children: A Study from an Idiopathic Scoliosis Screening. Prevalence and Optimal Age Screening Value," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-9, September.
    5. Elżbieta Piątek & Michał Kuczyński & Bożena Ostrowska, 2020. "The Effects of Active Self-Correction on Postural Control in Girls with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: The Role of an Additional Mental Task," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-8, March.
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    1. Dalila Scaturro & Claudio Costantino & Pietro Terrana & Fabio Vitagliani & Vincenzo Falco & Daniele Cuntrera & Claudia Emilia Sannasardo & Francesco Vitale & Giulia Letizia Mauro, 2021. "Risk Factors, Lifestyle and Prevention among Adolescents with Idiopathic Juvenile Scoliosis: A Cross Sectional Study in Eleven First-Grade Secondary Schools of Palermo Province, Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-9, November.

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