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Georeferencing of Personal Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields from Wi-Fi in a University Area

Author

Listed:
  • Raquel Ramirez-Vazquez

    (Applied Physics Department, Faculty of Computer Science, Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. de España s/n, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain)

  • Sameer Arabasi

    (School of Basic Sciences and Humanities, German Jordanian University, Amman Madaba Street, P.O. Box 35247, Amman 11180, Jordan)

  • Hussein Al-Taani

    (School of Basic Sciences and Humanities, German Jordanian University, Amman Madaba Street, P.O. Box 35247, Amman 11180, Jordan)

  • Suhad Sbeih

    (School of Basic Sciences and Humanities, German Jordanian University, Amman Madaba Street, P.O. Box 35247, Amman 11180, Jordan)

  • Jesus Gonzalez-Rubio

    (Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, C/ Almansa 14, 02071 Albacete, Spain)

  • Isabel Escobar

    (Applied Physics Department, Faculty of Computer Science, Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. de España s/n, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain)

  • Enrique Arribas

    (Applied Physics Department, Faculty of Computer Science, Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. de España s/n, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain)

Abstract

In the last two decades, due to the development of the information society, the massive increase in the use of information technologies, including the connection and communication of multiple electronic devices, highlighting Wi-Fi networks, as well as the emerging technological advances of 4G and 5G (new-generation mobile phones that will use 5G), have caused a significant increase in the personal exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields (RF-EMF), and as a consequence, increasing discussions about the possible adverse health effects. The main objective of this study was to measure the personal exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from the Wi-Fi in the university area of German Jordanian University (GJU) and prepare georeferenced maps of the registered intensity levels and to compare them with the basic international restrictions. Spot measurements were made outside the university area at German Jordanian University. Measurements were made in the whole university area and around two buildings. Two Satimo EME SPY 140 (Brest, France) personal exposimeters were used, and the measurements were performed in the morning and afternoon, and on weekends and weekdays. The total average personal exposure to RF-EMF from the Wi-Fi band registered in the three study areas and in the four days measured was 28.82 μW/m 2 . The average total exposure from the Wi-Fi band registered in the ten measured points of the university area of GJU was 22.97 μW/m 2 , the one registered in the eight measured points of building H was 34.48 μW/m 2 , and the one registered in the eight points of building C was 29.00 μW/m 2 . The maximum average values registered in the campus of GJU are below the guidelines allowed by International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The measurement protocol used in this work has been applied in measurements already carried out in Spain and Mexico, and it is applicable in university areas of other countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Raquel Ramirez-Vazquez & Sameer Arabasi & Hussein Al-Taani & Suhad Sbeih & Jesus Gonzalez-Rubio & Isabel Escobar & Enrique Arribas, 2020. "Georeferencing of Personal Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields from Wi-Fi in a University Area," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-19, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:6:p:1898-:d:332627
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Berihun M. Zeleke & Christopher Brzozek & Chhavi Raj Bhatt & Michael J. Abramson & Rodney J. Croft & Frederik Freudenstein & Peter Wiedemann & Geza Benke, 2018. "Personal Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields among Australian Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-10, October.
    2. Amelie Massardier-Pilonchery & Elena Nerrière & Sophie Croidieu & Fabien Ndagijimana & François Gaudaire & Christophe Martinsons & Nicolas Noé & Martine Hours, 2019. "Assessment of Personal Occupational Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields in Libraries and Media Libraries, Using Calibrated On-Body Exposimeters," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-16, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Annamaria Sârbu & Simona Miclăuș & Angela Digulescu & Paul Bechet, 2020. "Comparative Analysis of User Exposure to the Electromagnetic Radiation Emitted by the Fourth and Fifth Generations of Wi-Fi Communication Devices," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-21, November.
    2. Raquel Ramirez-Vazquez & Jesus Gonzalez-Rubio & Isabel Escobar & Carmen del Pilar Suarez Rodriguez & Enrique Arribas, 2021. "Personal Exposure Assessment to Wi-Fi Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields in Mexican Microenvironments," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-20, February.

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