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The Predictive Role of Raw Bioelectrical Impedance Parameters in Water Compartments and Fluid Distribution Assessed by Dilution Techniques in Athletes

Author

Listed:
  • Ruben Francisco

    (Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Catarina N. Matias

    (Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Diana A. Santos

    (Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Francesco Campa

    (Departments of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40121 Bologna, Italy
    Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy)

  • Claudia S. Minderico

    (Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Paulo Rocha

    (Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Steven B. Heymsfield

    (Pennington Biomedical Research Foundation, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, LO 70808, USA)

  • Henry Lukaski

    (Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, Hyslop Sports Center, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA)

  • Luís B. Sardinha

    (Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Analiza M. Silva

    (Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal)

Abstract

The aims of this study were to analyze the usefulness of raw bioelectrical impedance (BI) parameters in assessing water compartments and fluid distribution in athletes. A total of 202 men and 71 female athletes were analyzed. Total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) were determined by dilution techniques, while intracellular water (ICW) was calculated. Fluid distribution was calculated as the ECW/ICW ratio (E:I). Phase angle (PhA), resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) were obtained through BI spectroscopy using frequency 50kHz. Fat (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. After adjusting for height, FM, FFM, age and sports category we observed that: PhA predicted ICW (females: β = 1.62, p < 0.01; males: β = 2.70, p < 0.01) and E:I (males and females: β = −0.08; p < 0.01); R explained TBW (females: β = −0.03; p < 0.01; males: β = −0.06; p < 0.01) and ECW (females: β = –0.02, p < 0.01; males: β = −0.03, p < 0.01) and ICW (females: β = –0.01, p < 0.053; males: β = –0.03 p < 0.01); and Xc predicted ECW (females: β = −0.06, p < 0.01; males: β = −0.12, p < 0.01). A higher PhA is a good predictor of a larger ICW pool and a lower E:I, regardless of body composition, age, height, and sports category. Lower R is associated with higher water pools whereas ECW expansion is explained by lower Xc. Raw BI parameters are useful predictors of total and extracellular pools, cellular hydration and fluid distribution in athletes.

Suggested Citation

  • Ruben Francisco & Catarina N. Matias & Diana A. Santos & Francesco Campa & Claudia S. Minderico & Paulo Rocha & Steven B. Heymsfield & Henry Lukaski & Luís B. Sardinha & Analiza M. Silva, 2020. "The Predictive Role of Raw Bioelectrical Impedance Parameters in Water Compartments and Fluid Distribution Assessed by Dilution Techniques in Athletes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-14, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:3:p:759-:d:312936
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Seok Hui Kang & Eun Woo Choi & Jong Won Park & Kyu Hyang Cho & Jun Young Do, 2016. "Clinical Significance of the Edema Index in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(1), pages 1-15, January.
    2. Francesco Campa & Catarina Matias & Hannes Gatterer & Stefania Toselli & Josely C. Koury & Angela Andreoli & Giovanni Melchiorri & Luis B. Sardinha & Analiza M. Silva, 2019. "Classic Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Reference Values for Assessing Body Composition in Male and Female Athletes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-12, December.
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    3. Priscila Custódio Martins & Anderson Santiago Teixeira & Luiz Guilherme ANTONACCI Guglielmo & Juliana Sabino Francisco & Diego Augusto Santos Silva & Fábio Yuzo Nakamura & Luiz Rodrigo Augustemak de L, 2021. "Phase Angle Is Related to 10 m and 30 m Sprint Time and Repeated-Sprint Ability in Young Male Soccer Players," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-13, April.
    4. Ivo B. Regli & Rachel Turner & Simon Woyke & Simon Rauch & Hermann Brugger & Hannes Gatterer, 2021. "Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis: A Valuable Tool to Monitor Daily Body Hydration Dynamics at Altitude," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-10, May.
    5. Giada Ballarin & Luca Scalfi & Fabiana Monfrecola & Paola Alicante & Alessandro Bianco & Maurizio Marra & Anna Maria Sacco, 2021. "Body Composition and Bioelectrical-Impedance-Analysis-Derived Raw Variables in Pole Dancers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-11, November.
    6. Małgorzata Kołodziej & Sławomir Kozieł & Zofia Ignasiak, 2022. "The Use of the Bioelectrical Impedance Phase Angle to Assess the Risk of Sarcopenia in People Aged 50 and above in Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-12, April.
    7. Stefania Toselli, 2021. "Body Composition and Physical Health in Sports Practice: An Editorial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-4, April.
    8. Catarina N. Matias & Joana Cavaco-Silva & Mafalda Reis & Francesco Campa & Stefania Toselli & Luís Sardinha & Analiza M. Silva, 2020. "Phase Angle as a Marker of Muscular Strength in Breast Cancer Survivors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-10, June.
    9. Francesco Campa & Alessandro Piras & Milena Raffi & Aurelio Trofè & Monica Perazzolo & Gabriele Mascherini & Stefania Toselli, 2020. "The Effects of Dehydration on Metabolic and Neuromuscular Functionality during Cycling," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-10, February.
    10. Rafael Oliveira & Ruben Francisco & Renato Fernandes & Alexandre Martins & Hadi Nobari & Filipe Manuel Clemente & João Paulo Brito, 2021. "In-Season Body Composition Effects in Professional Women Soccer Players," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-10, November.
    11. Francesco Campa & Analiza M. Silva & Catarina N. Matias & Cristina P. Monteiro & Antonio Paoli & João Pedro Nunes & Jacopo Talluri & Henry Lukaski & Stefania Toselli, 2020. "Body Water Content and Morphological Characteristics Modify Bioimpedance Vector Patterns in Volleyball, Soccer, and Rugby Players," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-12, September.
    12. Antonio J. Berral-Aguilar & Susana Schröder-Vilar & Daniel Rojano-Ortega & Francisco J. Berral-de la Rosa, 2022. "Body Composition, Somatotype and Raw Bioelectrical Impedance Parameters of Adolescent Elite Tennis Players: Age and Sex Differences," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-11, December.

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