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Cohort Profile: ZOE 2.0—A Community-Based Genetic Epidemiologic Study of Early Childhood Oral Health

Author

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  • Kimon Divaris

    (Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA
    Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400, USA)

  • Gary D. Slade

    (Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA)

  • Andrea G. Ferreira Zandona

    (Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA)

  • John S. Preisser

    (Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400, USA)

  • Jeannie Ginnis

    (Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA)

  • Miguel A. Simancas-Pallares

    (Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA)

  • Cary S. Agler

    (Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA)

  • Poojan Shrestha

    (Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA
    Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400, USA)

  • Deepti S. Karhade

    (Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA)

  • Apoena de Aguiar Ribeiro

    (Division of Diagnostic Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA)

  • Hunyong Cho

    (Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400, USA)

  • Yu Gu

    (Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400, USA)

  • Beau D. Meyer

    (Division of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA)

  • Ashwini R. Joshi

    (Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7050, USA)

  • M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril

    (Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and UNC Microbiome Core, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7555, USA)

  • Patricia V. Basta

    (Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400, USA)

  • Di Wu

    (Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400, USA
    Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA)

  • Kari E. North

    (Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400, USA
    Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA)

Abstract

Early childhood caries (ECC) is an aggressive form of dental caries occurring in the first five years of life. Despite its prevalence and consequences, little progress has been made in its prevention and even less is known about individuals’ susceptibility or genomic risk factors. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) of ECC (“ZOE 2.0”) is a community-based, multi-ethnic, cross-sectional, genetic epidemiologic study seeking to address this knowledge gap. This paper describes the study’s design, the cohort’s demographic profile, data domains, and key oral health outcomes. Between 2016 and 2019, the study enrolled 8059 3–5-year-old children attending public preschools in North Carolina, United States. Participants resided in 86 of the state’s 100 counties and racial/ethnic minorities predominated—for example, 48% ( n = 3872) were African American, 22% white, and 20% ( n = 1611) were Hispanic/Latino. Seventy-nine percent ( n = 6404) of participants underwent clinical dental examinations yielding ECC outcome measures—ECC (defined at the established caries lesion threshold) prevalence was 54% and the mean number of decayed, missing, filled surfaces due to caries was eight. Nearly all (98%) examined children provided sufficient DNA from saliva for genotyping. The cohort’s community-based nature and rich data offer excellent opportunities for addressing important clinical, epidemiologic, and biological questions in early childhood.

Suggested Citation

  • Kimon Divaris & Gary D. Slade & Andrea G. Ferreira Zandona & John S. Preisser & Jeannie Ginnis & Miguel A. Simancas-Pallares & Cary S. Agler & Poojan Shrestha & Deepti S. Karhade & Apoena de Aguiar Ri, 2020. "Cohort Profile: ZOE 2.0—A Community-Based Genetic Epidemiologic Study of Early Childhood Oral Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-16, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:21:p:8056-:d:438606
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dmitry Shungin & Simon Haworth & Kimon Divaris & Cary S. Agler & Yoichiro Kamatani & Myoung Keun Lee & Kelsey Grinde & George Hindy & Viivi Alaraudanjoki & Paula Pesonen & Alexander Teumer & Birte Hol, 2019. "Genome-wide analysis of dental caries and periodontitis combining clinical and self-reported data," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Genevieve L. Wojcik & Mariaelisa Graff & Katherine K. Nishimura & Ran Tao & Jeffrey Haessler & Christopher R. Gignoux & Heather M. Highland & Yesha M. Patel & Elena P. Sorokin & Christy L. Avery & Gil, 2019. "Genetic analyses of diverse populations improves discovery for complex traits," Nature, Nature, vol. 570(7762), pages 514-518, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kaitlin E. Jones & Miguel A. Simancas-Pallares & Jeannie Ginnis & Poojan Shrestha & Kimon Divaris, 2022. "Guardians’ Self-Reported Fair/Poor Oral Health Is Associated with Their Young Children’s Fair/Poor Oral Health and Clinically Determined Dental Caries Experience," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Hunyong Cho & Zhi Ren & Kimon Divaris & Jeffrey Roach & Bridget M. Lin & Chuwen Liu & M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril & Miguel A. Simancas-Pallares & Poojan Shrestha & Alena Orlenko & Jeannie Ginnis & Kari E, 2023. "Selenomonas sputigena acts as a pathobiont mediating spatial structure and biofilm virulence in early childhood caries," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-19, December.

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