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Global to USA County Scale Analysis of Weather, Urban Density, Mobility, Homestay, and Mask Use on COVID-19

Author

Listed:
  • Sajad Jamshidi

    (Department of Agronomy-Crops, Soils and Water Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA)

  • Maryam Baniasad

    (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA)

  • Dev Niyogi

    (Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, and the Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA)

Abstract

Prior evaluations of the relationship between COVID-19 and weather indicate an inconsistent role of meteorology (weather) in the transmission rate. While some effects due to weather may exist, we found possible misconceptions and biases in the analysis that only consider the impact of meteorological variables alone without considering the urban metabolism and environment. This study highlights that COVID-19 assessments can notably benefit by incorporating factors that account for urban dynamics and environmental exposure. We evaluated the role of weather (considering equivalent temperature that combines the effect of humidity and air temperature) with particular consideration of urban density, mobility, homestay, demographic information, and mask use within communities. Our findings highlighted the importance of considering spatial and temporal scales for interpreting the weather/climate impact on the COVID-19 spread and spatiotemporal lags between the causal processes and effects. On global to regional scales, we found contradictory relationships between weather and the transmission rate, confounded by decentralized policies, weather variability, and the onset of screening for COVID-19, highlighting an unlikely impact of weather alone. At a finer spatial scale, the mobility index (with the relative importance of 34.32%) was found to be the highest contributing factor to the COVID-19 pandemic growth, followed by homestay (26.14%), population (23.86%), and urban density (13.03%). The weather by itself was identified as a noninfluential factor (relative importance < 3%). The findings highlight that the relation between COVID-19 and meteorology needs to consider scale, urban density and mobility areas to improve predictions.

Suggested Citation

  • Sajad Jamshidi & Maryam Baniasad & Dev Niyogi, 2020. "Global to USA County Scale Analysis of Weather, Urban Density, Mobility, Homestay, and Mask Use on COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:21:p:7847-:d:435103
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yu Fang & James W. Jawitz, 2019. "The evolution of human population distance to water in the USA from 1790 to 2010," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-8, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yun Jo & Andy Hong & Hyungun Sung, 2021. "Density or Connectivity: What Are the Main Causes of the Spatial Proliferation of COVID-19 in Korea?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-16, May.
    2. Bumjoon Kang & Jaewoong Won & Eun Jung Kim, 2021. "COVID-19 Impact on Residential Preferences in the Early-Stage Outbreak in South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-14, October.
    3. Zin Thu Win & Mahmoud A. Eissa & Boping Tian, 2022. "Stochastic Epidemic Model for COVID-19 Transmission under Intervention Strategies in China," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(17), pages 1-17, August.
    4. Anindya Ghose & Heeseung Andrew Lee & Wonseok Oh & Yoonseock Son, 2024. "Leveraging the Digital Tracing Alert in Virus Fight: The Impact of COVID-19 Cell Broadcast on Population Movement," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 35(2), pages 570-589, June.
    5. Roberta Magnano San Lio & Giuliana Favara & Andrea Maugeri & Martina Barchitta & Antonella Agodi, 2023. "How Antimicrobial Resistance Is Linked to Climate Change: An Overview of Two Intertwined Global Challenges," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-18, January.
    6. Katarzyna Kocur-Bera, 2022. "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Era on Residential Property Features: Pilot Studies in Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-19, May.

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