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The Effects of Age, Organized Physical Activity and Sedentarism on Fitness in Older Adults: An 8-Year Longitudinal Study

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  • Alejandro Gomez-Bruton

    (GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • David Navarrete-Villanueva

    (GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • Jorge Pérez-Gómez

    (HEME Research Group, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain)

  • Sara Vila-Maldonado

    (GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
    CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Eva Gesteiro

    (Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Narcis Gusi

    (CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28040 Madrid, Spain
    International Institute for Aging, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
    Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain)

  • Jose Gerardo Villa-Vicente

    (Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain)

  • Luis Espino

    (Unit of Sport Medicine, Cabildo of Gran Canaria, 35002 Gran Canaria, Spain)

  • Marcela Gonzalez-Gross

    (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Jose A. Casajus

    (GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • Ignacio Ara

    (Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
    CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Alba Gomez-Cabello

    (GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    Centro Universitario de la Defensa, 50090 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • German Vicente-Rodríguez

    (GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain)

Abstract

The aims of the present study were (1) to describe the changes in physical fitness during an 8 year follow-up in a large sample of Spanish adults aged 65 or over that are initially engaged in organized physical activity (OPA), (2) to compare fitness changes according to different age groups (65 to 69 vs. 70 to 74 vs. ≥75 years-old), (3) to evaluate the independent and combined effects of changes in OPA engagement and sitting time (ST) on physical fitness. A total of 642 (147 males) non-institutionalized over 65 years-old participants completed the EXERNET battery fitness tests and completed a validated questionnaire from which information regarding OPA and ST were collected. All participants completed evaluations in 2008–2009 and in 2016–2017. An impairment of fitness-related variables happens after 65 years of age in both males and females, with the older participants (≥75), showing the largest decreases. Males who continued performing OPA demonstrated lower decreases in balance, leg flexibility and agility when compared to those who stopped performing OPA during the follow-up. Females who continued performing OPA demonstrated lower decreases of all variables except for balance when compared to those who stopped performing OPA during the follow-up.

Suggested Citation

  • Alejandro Gomez-Bruton & David Navarrete-Villanueva & Jorge Pérez-Gómez & Sara Vila-Maldonado & Eva Gesteiro & Narcis Gusi & Jose Gerardo Villa-Vicente & Luis Espino & Marcela Gonzalez-Gross & Jose A., 2020. "The Effects of Age, Organized Physical Activity and Sedentarism on Fitness in Older Adults: An 8-Year Longitudinal Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-17, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:12:p:4312-:d:372380
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Po-Wen Ku & Kenneth R. Fox & Li-Jung Chen, 2016. "Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors and Subjective Well-Being in Older Adults: An Eight-Year Longitudinal Research," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 127(3), pages 1349-1361, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Marcelo de Maio Nascimento & Élvio Rúbio Gouveia & Adilson Marques & Bruna R. Gouveia & Priscila Marconcin & Cíntia França & Andreas Ihle, 2022. "The Role of Physical Function in the Association between Physical Activity and Gait Speed in Older Adults: A Mediation Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-15, October.
    2. Marcelo de Maio Nascimento & Élvio Rúbio Gouveia & Bruna R. Gouveia & Adilson Marques & Pedro Campos & Jesús García-Mayor & Krzysztof Przednowek & Andreas Ihle, 2022. "The Mediating Role of Physical Activity and Physical Function in the Association between Body Mass Index and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Population-Based Study with Older Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-14, October.
    3. Esther García-Esquinas & Rosario Ortolá & Iago Gine-Vázquez & José A. Carnicero & Asier Mañas & Elvira Lara & Alejandro Alvarez-Bustos & German Vicente-Rodriguez & Mercedes Sotos-Prieto & Beatriz Olay, 2021. "Changes in Health Behaviors, Mental and Physical Health among Older Adults under Severe Lockdown Restrictions during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-25, July.

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    Keywords

    aging; elderly; exercise; muscle; health;
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