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Substance Use Disorder in Adult-Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients: Patterns of Use and Related Clinical Features

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  • Vincenza Spera

    (PISA-School of Experimental and Clinical Psychiatry, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

  • Alessandro Pallucchini

    (PISA-School of Experimental and Clinical Psychiatry, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

  • Marco Maiello

    (PISA-School of Experimental and Clinical Psychiatry, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

  • Marco Carli

    (School of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

  • Angelo G. I. Maremmani

    (PISA-School of Experimental and Clinical Psychiatry, 56100 Pisa, Italy
    Department of Psychiatry, North-Western Tuscany Region NHS Local Health Unit, Versilia Zone, 55049 Viareggio, Italy
    Association for the Application of Neuroscientific Knowledge to Social Aims (AU-CNS), 55045 Pietrasanta, Lucca, Italy)

  • Giulio Perugi

    (Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

  • Icro Maremmani

    (Association for the Application of Neuroscientific Knowledge to Social Aims (AU-CNS), 55045 Pietrasanta, Lucca, Italy
    G. De Lisio Institute of Behavioral Sciences, 56100 Pisa, Italy
    Vincent P. Dole Dual Disorder Unit, Santa Chiara University Hospital, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

Abstract

Background: While a large amount of medical literature has explored the association between Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Substance Use Disorders (SUDs), less attention has been dedicated to the typologies of SUD and their relationships with ADHD-specific symptomatology and general psychopathology in dual disorder patients. Methods: We selected 72 patients (aged 18–65) with a concomitant SUD out of 120 adults with ADHD (A-ADHD). Assessment instruments included the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in adults (DIVA 2.0), Conner’s Adult ADHD Rating Scales–Observer (CAARS-O:S): Short Version, the Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I and II Disorders (SCID-I), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), the Brief Psychiatric rating scale (BPRS), the Reactivity Intensity Polarity Stability Questionnaire (RIPoSt-40), the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). A factorial analysis was performed to group our patients by clusters in different typologies of substance use and correlations between SUDs, as made evident by their typological and diagnostic features; in addition, specific ADHD symptoms, severity of general psychopathology and patients’ functionality were assessed. Results: Two patterns of substance use were identified: the first (type 1) characterized by stimulants/alcohol and the second (type 2) by the use of cannabinoids (THC). Type 1 users were significantly younger and had more legal problems. The two patterns were similar in terms of ADHD-specific symptomatology and its severity at treatment entry. No differences were found regarding the other scales assessed, except for lower scores at MEQ in type 1 users. Conclusions: At treatment entry, the presence of different comorbid SUD clusters do not affect ADHD-specific symptomatology or severity.

Suggested Citation

  • Vincenza Spera & Alessandro Pallucchini & Marco Maiello & Marco Carli & Angelo G. I. Maremmani & Giulio Perugi & Icro Maremmani, 2020. "Substance Use Disorder in Adult-Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients: Patterns of Use and Related Clinical Features," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-11, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:10:p:3509-:d:359351
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Corrado Manni & Giada Cipollone & Alessandro Pallucchini & Angelo G. I. Maremmani & Giulio Perugi & Icro Maremmani, 2019. "Remarkable Reduction of Cocaine Use in Dual Disorder (Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder/Cocaine Use Disorder) Patients Treated with Medications for ADHD," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-12, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Angelo G. I. Maremmani & Pasqualina Rocco & Filippo Della Rocca & Giulio Perugi & Mario Miccoli & Icro Maremmani, 2021. "Adult-Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Symptoms Seem Not to Influence the Outcome of an Enhanced Agonist Opioid Treatment: A 30-Year Follow-Up," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-13, October.
    2. Alessandro Pallucchini & Marco Carli & Marco Scarselli & Icro Maremmani & Giulio Perugi, 2021. "Symptomatological Variants and Related Clinical Features in Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-13, January.
    3. Anders Dahlen Forsmo Lauvsnes & Mette Langaas & Alexander Olsen & Jasmin Vassileva & Olav Spigset & Rolf W. Gråwe, 2021. "ADHD and Mental Health Symptoms in the Identification of Young Adults with Increased Risk of Alcohol Dependency in the General Population—The HUNT4 Population Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-11, November.

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    1. Angelo G. I. Maremmani & Pasqualina Rocco & Filippo Della Rocca & Giulio Perugi & Mario Miccoli & Icro Maremmani, 2021. "Adult-Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Symptoms Seem Not to Influence the Outcome of an Enhanced Agonist Opioid Treatment: A 30-Year Follow-Up," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-13, October.

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