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Objectively Measured Sitting and Standing in Workers: Cross-Sectional Relationship with Autonomic Cardiac Modulation

Author

Listed:
  • David M. Hallman

    (Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, University of Gävle, Gävle 80637, Sweden)

  • Niklas Krause

    (Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA)

  • Magnus Thorsten Jensen

    (Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev-Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark)

  • Nidhi Gupta

    (National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark)

  • Marie Birk Jørgensen

    (National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark)

  • Andreas Holtermann

    (National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark)

Abstract

Excessive sitting and standing are proposed risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), possibly due to autonomic imbalance. This study examines the association of objectively measured sitting and standing with nocturnal autonomic cardiac modulation. The cross-sectional study examined 490 blue-collar workers in three Danish occupational sectors. Sitting and standing during work and leisure were assessed during 1–5 days using accelerometers. Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were obtained during nocturnal sleep as markers of resting autonomic modulation. The associations of sitting and standing still (h/day) with HR and HRV were assessed with linear regression models, adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, smoking, and physical activity. More sitting time during leisure was associated with elevated HR ( p = 0.02), and showed a trend towards reduced HRV. More standing time at work was associated with lower HR ( p = 0.02), and with increased parasympathetic indices of HRV (root mean squared successive differences of R-R intervals p = 0.05; high-frequency power p = 0.07). These findings, while cross-sectional and restricted to blue-collar workers, suggest that sitting at leisure is detrimental to autonomic cardiac modulation, but standing at work is beneficial. However, the small effect size is likely insufficient to mitigate the previously shown detrimental effects of prolonged standing on CVD.

Suggested Citation

  • David M. Hallman & Niklas Krause & Magnus Thorsten Jensen & Nidhi Gupta & Marie Birk Jørgensen & Andreas Holtermann, 2019. "Objectively Measured Sitting and Standing in Workers: Cross-Sectional Relationship with Autonomic Cardiac Modulation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-16, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:4:p:650-:d:208245
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. David M Hallman & Tatiana Sato & Jesper Kristiansen & Nidhi Gupta & Jørgen Skotte & Andreas Holtermann, 2015. "Prolonged Sitting is Associated with Attenuated Heart Rate Variability during Sleep in Blue-Collar Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-17, November.
    2. Nidhi Gupta & Caroline Stordal Christiansen & David M Hallman & Mette Korshøj & Isabella Gomes Carneiro & Andreas Holtermann, 2015. "Is Objectively Measured Sitting Time Associated with Low Back Pain? A Cross-Sectional Investigation in the NOMAD study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(3), pages 1-18, March.
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    2. Linda Widar & Birgitta Wiitavaara & Eva Boman & Marina Heiden, 2021. "Psychophysiological Reactivity, Postures and Movements among Academic Staff: A Comparison between Teleworking Days and Office Days," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-16, September.
    3. Abdullah Bandar Alansare & Lauren C. Bates & Lee Stoner & Christopher E. Kline & Elizabeth Nagle & J. Richard Jennings & Erik D. Hanson & Mark A. Faghy & Bethany Barone Gibbs, 2021. "Associations of Sedentary Time with Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-17, August.
    4. Mei-Lan Liu & Chia-Hui Chang & Ming-Chun Hsueh & Yi-Jin Hu & Yung Liao, 2020. "Occupational, Transport, Leisure-Time, and Overall Sedentary Behaviors and Their Associations with the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease among High-Tech Company Employees," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-9, May.

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