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What Do We Know about Diet and Markers of Cardiovascular Health in Children: A Review

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  • Pouya Saeedi

    (Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
    Present address: Policy and Programmes Department, International Diabetes Federation (IDF), Chaussée de la Hulpe 166, Watermael-Boitsfort, 1170 Brussels, Belgium.)

  • Amin Shavandi

    (BioMatter Unit-Biomass Transformation Lab (BTL), École interfacultaire de Bioingénieurs (EIB), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium)

  • Paula M.L. Skidmore

    (Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
    Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand)

Abstract

Chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main health concerns in the 21st century, with CVD as the number one cause of mortality worldwide. Although CVD hard endpoints such as stroke or heart attack do not usually occur in children, evidence shows that the manifestation of CVD risk factors begins in childhood, preceding clinical complications of CVD in adulthood. Dietary intake is a modifiable risk factor that has been shown to make a substantial contribution to the risk of CVD in adulthood. However, less is known about the association between dietary intake and markers of cardiovascular health in children. This review summarises the current evidence on the relationship between dietary intake and markers of cardiovascular health including traditional CVD risk factors, physical fitness, and indices of arterial stiffness and wave reflection in children. Original research published in English, between January 2008 and December 2018 fulfilling the objective of this review were screened and included. Findings show that adaptation of a healthy lifestyle early in life can be beneficial for reducing the risk of CVD later in life. Furthermore, keeping arterial stiffness low from a young age could be a potential CVD prevention strategy. However, limited studies are available on diet-arterial stiffness relationship in children, and future research is required to better understand this association to aid the development and implementation of evidence-based strategies for preventing CVD-related complications later in life.

Suggested Citation

  • Pouya Saeedi & Amin Shavandi & Paula M.L. Skidmore, 2019. "What Do We Know about Diet and Markers of Cardiovascular Health in Children: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-22, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:4:p:548-:d:205774
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pedro Moreira & Susana Santos & Patrícia Padrão & Tânia Cordeiro & Mariana Bessa & Hugo Valente & Renata Barros & Vitor Teixeira & Vanessa Mitchell & Carla Lopes & André Moreira, 2010. "Food Patterns According to Sociodemographics, Physical Activity, Sleeping and Obesity in Portuguese Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-18, March.
    2. Mahmoud Zaqout & Krishna Vyncke & Luis A. Moreno & Pilar Miguel-Etayo & Fabio Lauria & Denes Molnar & Lauren Lissner & Monica Hunsberger & Toomas Veidebaum & Michael Tornaritis & Lucia A. Reisch & Kar, 2016. "Determinant factors of physical fitness in European children," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 61(5), pages 573-582, June.
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