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Contamination Evaluation and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in the Sediments from the Lishui River Watershed, Southern China

Author

Listed:
  • Fang Shen

    (School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

  • Longjiang Mao

    (School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
    Jiangsu Research Center for Ocean Survey Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

  • Runxia Sun

    (School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

  • Jijing Du

    (School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

  • Zhihai Tan

    (Environmental and Chemical Engineering College, Xi’an Poly-technic University, Xi’an 710048, China)

  • Min Ding

    (School of Tourism, Taishan University, Tai’an 271021, China)

Abstract

Seven heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb) were measured in surface sediments from the Lishui River watershed, an area with increased soil erosion in China. The mean concentrations of heavy metals were 61.20 mg/kg (Cr), 757.15 mg/kg (Mn), 9.39 mg/kg (Co), 25.31 mg/kg (Ni), 22.84 mg/kg (Cu), 91.66 mg/kg (Zn), and 40.19 mg/kg (Pb), respectively. The spatial distribution of heavy metals was site-specific, exhibiting a remarkably high level in the sampling stations with intense agricultural activities (Lixian) and industrial activities (Jinshi). Contamination indexes including contamination factor, pollution load index, nemerow multi-factor index, potential ecological risk index, and human health risk were used to assess the pollution degree of the river sediments. The results indicated the pollution degree of heavy metals decreased in the order of Mn > Pb > Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > Co. Heavy metals resulted in non-pollution to moderate pollution, with low ecological risk and an acceptable carcinogenic risk caused by Cr and Ni for children and adults. Person’s correlation analysis and principal component analysis, coupled with cluster analysis, revealed that the sediments from the Lishui River were mainly influenced by two sources. Cr, Co, Ni, and Cu were mainly derived from natural sources, while Mn, Zn, and Pb originated from agricultural and industrial activities, mining, and vehicular traffic.

Suggested Citation

  • Fang Shen & Longjiang Mao & Runxia Sun & Jijing Du & Zhihai Tan & Min Ding, 2019. "Contamination Evaluation and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in the Sediments from the Lishui River Watershed, Southern China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-14, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:3:p:336-:d:200830
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Qing Ma & Lina Han & Jiquan Zhang & Yichen Zhang & Qiuling Lang & Fengxu Li & Aru Han & Yongbin Bao & Kaiwei Li & Si Alu, 2019. "Environmental Risk Assessment of Metals in the Volcanic Soil of Changbai Mountain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-17, June.
    2. Guoqi Lian & Xinqing Lee, 2021. "Concentrations, Distribution, and Pollution Assessment of Metals in River Sediments in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-20, June.
    3. Arlinda Cakaj & Anetta Hanć & Marta Lisiak-Zielińska & Klaudia Borowiak & Maria Drapikowska, 2023. "Trifolium pratense and the Heavy Metal Content in Various Urban Areas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-15, April.
    4. Zhao Liu & Ye Kuang & Shengtao Lan & Wenjia Cao & Ziqi Yan & Li Chen & Qianlong Chen & Qi Feng & Hong Zhou, 2021. "Pollution Distribution of Potentially Toxic Elements in a Karstic River Affected by Manganese Mining in Changyang, Western Hubei, Central China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-15, February.
    5. Shiyi Chen & Cunyong Ju & Yang Du & Tianqi Mu & Tijiu Cai, 2023. "Differences in the removal efficiency of heavy metals in soils with different vegetation backgrounds along the China-Russia crude oil pipeline," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 69(12), pages 628-639.
    6. Yujie Pan & Hongxia Peng & Shuyun Xie & Min Zeng & Changsheng Huang, 2019. "Eight Elements in Soils from a Typical Light Industrial City, China: Spatial Distribution, Ecological Assessment, and the Source Apportionment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-17, July.
    7. Andreea E. Maftei & Andrei Buzatu & Nicolae Buzgar & Andrei I. Apopei, 2019. "Spatial Distribution of Minor Elements in the Tazlău River Sediments: Source Identification and Evaluation of Ecological Risk," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-16, November.
    8. Xuexia Huang & Dinggui Luo & Xiangxin Chen & Lezhang Wei & Yu Liu & Qihang Wu & Tangfu Xiao & Xiaotao Mai & Guowei Liu & Lirong Liu, 2019. "Insights into Heavy Metals Leakage in Chelator-Induced Phytoextraction of Pb- and Tl-Contaminated Soil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-14, April.
    9. Cris Edward F. Monjardin & Christopher Power & Delia B. Senoro, 2023. "Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Manganese Contamination in Relation to River Morphology: A Study of the Boac and Mogpog Rivers in Marinduque, Philippines," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-26, May.

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