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Toxicity of Thallium at Low Doses: A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Beatrice Campanella

    (National Research Council of Italy, C.N.R., Institute of Chemistry of Organo Metallic Compounds-ICCOM, 56124 Pisa, Italy)

  • Laura Colombaioni

    (CNR Neuroscience Institute, Area della Ricerca CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy)

  • Edoardo Benedetti

    (Hematology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy)

  • Agostino Di Ciaula

    (International Society of Doctors for Environment (ISDE), 52100 Arezzo, Italy)

  • Lisa Ghezzi

    (Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy)

  • Massimo Onor

    (National Research Council of Italy, C.N.R., Institute of Chemistry of Organo Metallic Compounds-ICCOM, 56124 Pisa, Italy)

  • Massimo D’Orazio

    (Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy)

  • Roberto Giannecchini

    (Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy)

  • Riccardo Petrini

    (Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy)

  • Emilia Bramanti

    (National Research Council of Italy, C.N.R., Institute of Chemistry of Organo Metallic Compounds-ICCOM, 56124 Pisa, Italy)

Abstract

A mini review of the toxicity of Thallium (Tl) at low doses is herein presented. Thallium has severe toxicity. Although its acute biological effects have been widely investigated and are well known, its biological effects on human health and in cell cultures at low doses (<100 μg/L) due, for example, to Tl chronic exposure via consumption of contaminated water or foods, have often been overlooked or underestimated. Relatively few papers have been published on this topic and are herein reviewed to provide a focused scientific opinion in the light of current worldwide regulatory issues.

Suggested Citation

  • Beatrice Campanella & Laura Colombaioni & Edoardo Benedetti & Agostino Di Ciaula & Lisa Ghezzi & Massimo Onor & Massimo D’Orazio & Roberto Giannecchini & Riccardo Petrini & Emilia Bramanti, 2019. "Toxicity of Thallium at Low Doses: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-6, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:23:p:4732-:d:291273
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. James Adams & Daniel P Howsmon & Uwe Kruger & Elizabeth Geis & Eva Gehn & Valeria Fimbres & Elena Pollard & Jessica Mitchell & Julie Ingram & Robert Hellmers & David Quig & Juergen Hahn, 2017. "Significant Association of Urinary Toxic Metals and Autism-Related Symptoms—A Nonlinear Statistical Analysis with Cross Validation," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(1), pages 1-24, January.
    2. Miguel A. Padilla & Mai Elobeid & Douglas M. Ruden & David B. Allison, 2010. "An Examination of the Association of Selected Toxic Metals with Total and Central Obesity Indices: NHANES 99-02," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 7(9), pages 1-16, August.
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