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Area-Based Socio-Economic Inequalities in Mortality from Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases

Author

Listed:
  • Maciej Polak

    (Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland)

  • Agnieszka Genowska

    (Department of Public Health, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland)

  • Krystyna Szafraniec

    (Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland)

  • Justyna Fryc

    (Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland)

  • Jacek Jamiołkowski

    (Department of Population Medicine and Civilization Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland)

  • Andrzej Pająk

    (Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland)

Abstract

Background : After political transformation in 1989/1990, Poland experienced a general improvement in living conditions and quality of life, but the benefits did not extend evenly across all segments of the society. We hypothesized that the regional differences in mortality due to diseases of the respiratory system are related to socioeconomic status (SES) and its changes over time. Materials and methods : An ecological study was carried out in 66 sub-regions of Poland using the data from the period of 2010 to 2014. Age-standardized mortality rates (SMRs) were calculated separately for men and women in three age categories: ≥15, 25–64 years, and ≥65 years. An area-based SES index was derived from the characteristics of the sub-regions using the z-score method. Multiple weighted linear regression models were constructed to estimate a real socioeconomic gradient for mortality resulting from lung cancer and respiratory diseases. Results : In the regions studied, the SMRs for respiratory disease varied from 70/100,000 to 215/100,000 in men and from 18/100,000 to 53/100,000 in women. The SMRs for lung cancer varied from 36/100,000 to 110/100,000 among men and from 26/100,000 to 77/100,000 among women. After adjusting for the prevalence of smoking and environmental pollution, the SES index was found to be inversely associated with the SMR for lung cancer in each category of age among men, and in the age group of 25–64 years among women. An increase of the SES index between 2010 and 2014 was associated with a decrease of SMR for respiratory disease both in men and women, but this change was not significantly associated with the SMR for lung cancer. Conclusion : SES appears to be an important correlate of mortality from respiratory diseases and lung cancer at the population level, particularly in men. A lower SES was associated with greater mortality from lung cancer and respiratory diseases. An increase in SES over time was related to a decrease in mortality from respiratory disease, but not from lung cancer.

Suggested Citation

  • Maciej Polak & Agnieszka Genowska & Krystyna Szafraniec & Justyna Fryc & Jacek Jamiołkowski & Andrzej Pająk, 2019. "Area-Based Socio-Economic Inequalities in Mortality from Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-13, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:10:p:1791-:d:232863
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Marine H. Gambaryan & Svetlana A. Shalnova & Alexander D. Deev & Oxana M. Drapkina, 2017. "Chronic Respiratory Diseases in the Regions of Northern Russia: Epidemiological Distinctions in the Results of a National Population Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-12, July.
    2. Taavi Tillmann & Hynek Pikhart & Anne Peasey & Ruzena Kubinova & Andrzej Pajak & Abdonas Tamosiunas & Sofia Malyutina & Andrew Steptoe & Mika Kivimäki & Michael Marmot & Martin Bobak, 2017. "Psychosocial and socioeconomic determinants of cardiovascular mortality in Eastern Europe: A multicentre prospective cohort study," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(12), pages 1-20, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Iara da Silva & Caroline Fernanda Hei Wikuats & Elizabeth Mie Hashimoto & Leila Droprinchinski Martins, 2022. "Effects of Environmental and Socioeconomic Inequalities on Health Outcomes: A Multi-Region Time-Series Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-22, December.
    2. Agnieszka Genowska & Jacek Jamiołkowski & Krystyna Szafraniec & Justyna Fryc & Andrzej Pająk, 2021. "Health Care Resources and 24,910 Deaths Due to Traffic Accidents: An Ecological Mortality Study in Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-14, May.
    3. Dawid Majcherek & Marzenna Anna Weresa & Christina Ciecierski, 2021. "A Cluster Analysis of Risk Factors for Cancer across EU Countries: Health Policy Recommendations for Prevention," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-14, July.

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