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Passive Smoking Indicators in Italy: Does the Gross Domestic Product Matter?

Author

Listed:
  • Giuseppe La Torre

    (Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Cristina Sestili

    (Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Rosario Andrea Cocchiara

    (Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Sara Cianfanelli

    (Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Lorenza Lia

    (Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Alice Mannocci

    (Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy)

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study is to analyse the correlation between regional values of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and passive smoking in Italy. Methods: The outcome measures were smoking ban respect in public places, workplaces and at home, derived from the PASSI surveillance for the period 2011–2017. The explanatory variable was GDP per capita. The statistical analysis was carried out using bivariate and linear regression analyses, taking into consideration two different periods, Years 2011–2014 and 2014–2017. Results: GDP is showed to be positively correlated with smoking ban respect in public places ( r = 0.779 p < 0.001; r = 0.723 p < 0.001 in the two periods, respectively), as well as smoking ban respect in the workplace ( r = 0.662 p = 0.001; r = 0.603 p = 0.004) and no smoking at home adherence ( r = 0.424 p = 0.056; r = 0.362 p = 0.107). In multiple linear regression GDP is significantly associated to smoking ban respect in public places (adjusted β = 0.730 p < 0.001; β = 0.698 p < 0.001 in the two periods, respectively), smoking ban in workplaces (adjusted β = 0.525 p = 0.020; β = 0.570 p = 0.009) and no smoking at home (adjusted β = 0.332 p = 0.070; β = 0.362 p = 0.052). Conclusions: Smoking ban is more respected in Regions with higher GDP. For a better health promotion, systematic vigilance and sanctions should be maintained and strengthened, particularly in regions with low compliance with smoking bans.

Suggested Citation

  • Giuseppe La Torre & Cristina Sestili & Rosario Andrea Cocchiara & Sara Cianfanelli & Lorenza Lia & Alice Mannocci, 2018. "Passive Smoking Indicators in Italy: Does the Gross Domestic Product Matter?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-8, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:9:p:2045-:d:170643
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Huang, J. & King, B.A. & Babb, S.D. & Xu, X. & Hallett, C. & Hopkins, M., 2015. "Sociodemographic disparities in local smoke-free law coverage in 10 states," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 105(9), pages 1806-1813.
    2. repec:cdl:ctcres:qt8nw5p0zt is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Abu S. Abdullah & Sara C. Hitchman & Pete Driezen & Nigar Nargis & Anne C.K. Quah & Geoffrey T. Fong, 2011. "Socioeconomic Differences in Exposure to Tobacco Smoke Pollution (TSP) in Bangladeshi Households with Children: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Bangladesh Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-19, March.
    4. Valentina Minardi & Giuseppe Gorini & Giulia Carreras & Maria Masocco & Gianluigi Ferrante & Valentina Possenti & Elisa Quarchioni & Lorenzo Spizzichino & Daniela Galeone & Stefania Vasselli & Stefani, 2014. "Compliance with the smoking ban in Italy 8 years after its application," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 59(3), pages 549-554, June.
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    1. Octavio Bramajo, 2024. "Lung cancer mortality trends among women across Spain: the role of birth cohorts in diverging regional patterns," Journal of Population Research, Springer, vol. 41(1), pages 1-27, March.

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