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Water Quality in Surface Water: A Preliminary Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination of the Mashavera River, Georgia

Author

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  • Sisira S. Withanachchi

    (Department of Organic Food Quality and Food Culture, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany)

  • Giorgi Ghambashidze

    (School of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi 0159, Georgia)

  • Ilia Kunchulia

    (Michail Sabashvili Institute of Soil Science, Agrochemistry and Melioration, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi 0159, Georgia)

  • Teo Urushadze

    (School of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi 0159, Georgia)

  • Angelika Ploeger

    (Department of Organic Food Quality and Food Culture, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany)

Abstract

Water quality contamination by heavy metal pollution has severe effects on public health. In the Mashavera River Basin, an important agricultural area for the national food system in Georgia (e.g., vegetable, dairy and wine production), water contamination has multiple influences on the regional and country-wide health. With new industrial activities in the region, sediment extraction, and discharge of untreated wastewater into the river, its tributaries and irrigation canals, a comprehensive study of water quality was greatly needed. This study examined sediment and water samples from 17 sampling sites in the Mashavera River Basin during the high and low precipitation seasons. The results were characterized utilizing the Geo-accumulation Index (I geo ), Enrichment Factor (EF), Pollution Load index (PLI), Contamination Factor (CF) and Metal Index (MI). According to the CFs, Cu > Cd > Zn > Pb > Fe > Mn > Ni > Cr > Hg is the descending order for the content of all observed heavy metals in sediments collected in both seasons. Fe and As were additionally examined in water samples. Overall, As, Cd and Pb, all highly toxic elements, were found in high concentrations in downstream sample sites. According to these results, comprehensive monitoring with narrow intervals between sampling dates, more sample sites along all waterways, and proximate observation of multiple trace metal elements are highly recommended. Moreover, as the part of the water quality governance system, an immediate and sustainable collective action by all stakeholders to control the pollution level is highly recommended, as this issue is linked to the security of the national food system and poses a local public health risk.

Suggested Citation

  • Sisira S. Withanachchi & Giorgi Ghambashidze & Ilia Kunchulia & Teo Urushadze & Angelika Ploeger, 2018. "Water Quality in Surface Water: A Preliminary Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination of the Mashavera River, Georgia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-25, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:4:p:621-:d:138519
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fan Zhang & Xuedong Yan & Chen Zeng & Man Zhang & Suraj Shrestha & Lochan Prasad Devkota & Tandong Yao, 2012. "Influence of Traffic Activity on Heavy Metal Concentrations of Roadside Farmland Soil in Mountainous Areas," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-17, May.
    2. Oliver Fritsch & Camilla Adelle & David Benson, 2017. "The EU Water Initiative at 15: origins, processes and assessment," Water International, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(4), pages 425-442, May.
    3. Jing Li, 2014. "Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments from the Yanghe River, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-13, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Qiang Liu & Yan Cheng & Chunnan Fan, 2023. "Pollution Characteristics and Health Exposure Risks of Heavy Metals in River Water Affected by Human Activities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-14, May.
    2. Michaela Zeiner & Viktor Sjöberg & Heidelore Fiedler, 2022. "Multielement Analysis of Fresh and Salt Surface Water from Different Continents," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-14, December.

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