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Spatial Distribution, Chemical Fraction and Fuzzy Comprehensive Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments from the Honghu Lake, China

Author

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  • Fei Li

    (Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
    School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China)

  • Minsi Xiao

    (Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
    School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China)

  • Jingdong Zhang

    (Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
    School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China)

  • Chaoyang Liu

    (Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
    School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China)

  • Zhenzhen Qiu

    (Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
    School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China)

  • Ying Cai

    (Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
    School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China)

Abstract

Spatial concentrations and chemical fractions of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd) in 16 sampling sites from the Honghu Lake were investigated using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer and optimized BCR (the European Community Bureau of Reference) three-stage extraction procedure. Compared with the corresponding probable effect levels (PELs), adverse biological effects of the studied five sediment metals decreased in the sequence of Cr > Cu > Zn > Pb > Cd. Geo-accumulation index ( I geo ) values for Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in each sampling site were at un-contamination level, while the values for Cd varied from un-contamination level to moderate contamination level. Spatially, the enrichment degree of Cd in lower part of the South Lake, the west part of the North Lake and the outlet were higher than the other parts of Honghu Lake. For metal chemical fractions, the proportions of the acid-extractable fraction of five metal contents were in the descending order: Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cr. Cd had the highest bioaccessibility. Being the above indexes focused always on heavy metals’ total content or chemical fraction in deterministic assessment system, which may confuse decision makers, the fuzzy comprehensive risk assessment method was established based on PEI (Potential ecological risk index), RAC (Risk assessment code) and fuzzy theory. Average comprehensive risks of heavy metals in sediments revealed the following orders: Cd (considerable risk) > Cu (moderate risk) > Zn (low risk) > Pb > Cr. Thus, Cd and Cu were determined as the pollutants of most concern. The central part of South Honghu Lake (S4, S5, S6, S9, S12 and S14), east part of the North Honghu Lake (S1) and outlet of outlet of the Honghu Lake (S10) were recommended as the priority control areas. Specifically, it is necessary to pay more attention to S1, S4, S5, S6, S9 and S16 when decision making for their calculated membership values (probabilities) of adjacent risk levels quite close.

Suggested Citation

  • Fei Li & Minsi Xiao & Jingdong Zhang & Chaoyang Liu & Zhenzhen Qiu & Ying Cai, 2018. "Spatial Distribution, Chemical Fraction and Fuzzy Comprehensive Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments from the Honghu Lake, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-17, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:2:p:207-:d:128753
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xiufeng Han & Xinwei Lu & Qinggeletu & Yongfu Wu, 2017. "Health Risks and Contamination Levels of Heavy Metals in Dusts from Parks and Squares of an Industrial City in Semi-Arid Area of China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-12, August.
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    4. Fei Li & Zhenzhen Qiu & Jingdong Zhang & Chaoyang Liu & Ying Cai & Minsi Xiao, 2017. "Spatial Distribution and Fuzzy Health Risk Assessment of Trace Elements in Surface Water from Honghu Lake," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-18, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Minsi Xiao & Shitong Xu & Bing Yang & Guangcong Zeng & Lidan Qian & Haiwei Huang & Sili Ren, 2022. "Contamination, Source Apportionment, and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Farmland Soils Surrounding a Typical Copper Tailings Pond," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-15, November.
    2. Elżbieta Skorbiłowicz & Mirosław Skorbiłowicz & Urszula Tarasiuk & Magdalena Korzińska, 2021. "Cadmium, Chromium, and Cobalt in the Organs of Glyceria maxima and Bottom Sediments of the Pisa River and Its Tributaries (Poland)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-18, September.
    3. Song Chen & Cancan Wu & Shenshen Hong & Qianqian Chen, 2020. "Assessment, Distribution and Regional Geochemical Baseline of Heavy Metals in Soils of Densely Populated Area: A Case Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-11, March.
    4. Jingdong Zhang & Liyun Zhu & Fei Li & Chaoyang Liu & Zhenzhen Qiu & Minsi Xiao & Ying Cai, 2018. "Comparison of Toxic Metal Distribution Characteristics and Health Risk between Cultured and Wild Fish Captured from Honghu City, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-16, February.
    5. Shengnan Zhu & Zengchuan Dong & Bohua Yang & Guangen Zeng & Yupeng Liu & Yuejiao Zhou & Jinyu Meng & Shujun Wu & Yiqing Shao & Junfei Yang & Xiao Guo, 2022. "Spatial Distribution, Source Identification, and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal in Surface Sediments from River-Reservoir System in the Feiyun River Basin, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-17, November.

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