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Origin-Oriented Elemental Profile of Fine Ambient Particulate Matter in Central European Suburban Conditions

Author

Listed:
  • Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska

    (Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Environmental Engineering, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 34, Zabrze 41-819, Poland)

  • Grzegorz Majewski

    (Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, Warszawa 02-776, Poland)

  • Barbara Błaszczak

    (Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Environmental Engineering, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 34, Zabrze 41-819, Poland)

  • Krzysztof Klejnowski

    (Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Environmental Engineering, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 34, Zabrze 41-819, Poland)

  • Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec

    (Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Environmental Engineering, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 34, Zabrze 41-819, Poland)

Abstract

Twenty-four-hour samples of fine ambient particulate matter (PM 2.5 ; particles with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 µm) were collected in a suburban (quasi-rural) area in Racibórz (Poland) between 1 January 2011 and 26 December 2012. The samples were analyzed for the contents of 28 elements. Sources of PM 2.5 were identified and the contribution of each source to the PM 2.5 concentration was assessed using an enrichment factor (EF) analysis, a principal component analysis (PCA), and multi-linear regression analysis (MLRA). In the cold season (January–March and October–December 2011–2012), the mean ambient concentration of PM 2.5 in Racibórz was 48.7 ± 39.4 µg·m −3 , which was much higher than at other suburban or rural sites in Europe. Additionally the ambient concentrations of some toxic PM 2.5 -bound elements were also high, i.e., the mean ambient concentrations of PM 2.5 -bound As, Cd, and Pb were 11.3 ± 11.5, 5.2 ± 2.5, and 34.0 ± 34.2 ng·m −3 , respectively. In the warm season (April–September 2011–2012), the PM 2.5 and PM 2.5 -bound element concentrations in Racibórz were comparable to the concentrations noted at other suburban (or rural) sites in Europe. Our findings suggest that elemental composition and concentrations of PM 2.5 in Racibórz are mainly influenced by anthropogenic emissions, i.e., the energy production based on coal and biomass combustion, traffic, and industry.

Suggested Citation

  • Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska & Grzegorz Majewski & Barbara Błaszczak & Krzysztof Klejnowski & Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec, 2016. "Origin-Oriented Elemental Profile of Fine Ambient Particulate Matter in Central European Suburban Conditions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-23, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:7:p:715-:d:74008
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Elwira Zajusz-Zubek & Konrad Kaczmarek & Anna Mainka, 2015. "Trace Elements Speciation of Submicron Particulate Matter (PM1) Collected in the Surroundings of Power Plants," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-19, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Karolina Bralewska & Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska & Dominika Mucha & Artur Jerzy Badyda & Magdalena Kostrzon & Adrian Bralewski & Stanisław Biedugnis, 2022. "Properties of Particulate Matter in the Air of the Wieliczka Salt Mine and Related Health Benefits for Tourists," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(2), pages 1-15, January.
    2. Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec & Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska & Grzegorz Majewski, 2022. "Particulate Matter Concentration in Selected Facilities as an Indicator of Exposure to Their Service Activities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-18, August.

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