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Blood Lead Concentrations in Jamaican Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder

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  • Mohammad H. Rahbar

    (Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences (EHGES), University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
    Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
    Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA)

  • Maureen Samms-Vaughan

    (Department of Child & Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica)

  • Aisha S. Dickerson

    (Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA)

  • Katherine A. Loveland

    (Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA)

  • Manouchehr Ardjomand-Hessabi

    (Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA)

  • Jan Bressler

    (Human Genetics Center, University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA)

  • Sydonnie Shakespeare-Pellington

    (Department of Child & Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica)

  • Megan L. Grove

    (Human Genetics Center, University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA)

  • Deborah A. Pearson

    (Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA)

  • Eric Boerwinkle

    (Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences (EHGES), University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
    Human Genetics Center, University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA)

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder manifesting by early childhood. Lead is a toxic metal shown to cause neurodevelopmental disorders in children. Several studies have investigated the possible association between exposure to lead and ASD, but their findings are conflicting. Using data from 100 ASD cases (2–8 years of age) and their age- and sex-matched typically developing controls, we investigated the association between blood lead concentrations (BLC) and ASD in Jamaican children. We administered a questionnaire to assess demographic and socioeconomic information as well as exposure to potential lead sources. We used General Linear Models (GLM) to assess the association of BLC with ASD status as well as with sources of exposure to lead. In univariable GLM, we found a significant difference between geometric mean blood lead concentrations of ASD cases and controls (2.25 μg/dL cases vs. 2.73 μg/dL controls, p < 0.05). However, after controlling for potential confounders, there were no significant differences between adjusted geometric mean blood lead concentrations of ASD cases and controls (2.55 μg/dL vs. 2.72 μg/dL, p = 0.64). Our results do not support an association between BLC and ASD in Jamaican children. We have identified significant confounders when assessing an association between ASD and BLC.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammad H. Rahbar & Maureen Samms-Vaughan & Aisha S. Dickerson & Katherine A. Loveland & Manouchehr Ardjomand-Hessabi & Jan Bressler & Sydonnie Shakespeare-Pellington & Megan L. Grove & Deborah A. Pe, 2014. "Blood Lead Concentrations in Jamaican Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-23, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:12:y:2014:i:1:p:83-105:d:43844
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Maureen S Durkin & Matthew J Maenner & F John Meaney & Susan E Levy & Carolyn DiGuiseppi & Joyce S Nicholas & Russell S Kirby & Jennifer A Pinto-Martin & Laura A Schieve, 2010. "Socioeconomic Inequality in the Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence from a U.S. Cross-Sectional Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 5(7), pages 1-8, July.
    2. Mohammad H. Rahbar & Maureen Samms-Vaughan & Jianzhong Ma & Jan Bressler & Katherine A. Loveland & Manouchehr Ardjomand-Hessabi & Aisha S. Dickerson & Megan L. Grove & Sydonnie Shakespeare-Pellington , 2014. "Role of Metabolic Genes in Blood Arsenic Concentrations of Jamaican Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-22, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mohammad H. Rahbar & Shahnaz H. Ibrahim & Syed Iqbal Azam & Manouchehr Hessabi & Fatima Karim & Sori Kim & Jing Zhang & Nasreen Gulzar Ali & Katherine A. Loveland, 2021. "Concentrations of Lead, Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmium, Manganese, and Aluminum in the Blood of Pakistani Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Associated Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-18, August.
    2. Manouchehr Hessabi & Mohammad H. Rahbar & Iuliana Dobrescu & MacKinsey A. Bach & Liana Kobylinska & Jan Bressler & Megan L. Grove & Katherine A. Loveland & Ilinca Mihailescu & Maria Cristina Nedelcu &, 2019. "Concentrations of Lead, Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmium, Manganese, and Aluminum in Blood of Romanian Children Suspected of Having Autism Spectrum Disorder," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-20, June.

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